Introduction to Orthopaedics Flashcards
What is a cemented joint replacement?
Where an acrylic polymer (PMMA) is used to lock the bone and implant together
What is an uncemented joint replacement?
Where there is a rough bone surface with either a porous or hydroxyapatite covering (to promote bone growth)
What is a hybrid hip joint replacement?
Where there is a cemented stem but a cement less cup
What is a reverse hybrid hip joint replacement?
Where there is a cemented cup but a cement less stem
Why are tendon transfers more complicated in the upper limb?
As the upper limb is required to do more complicated movements
How may ACL repair be facilitated?
Through grafts of the patella-ligament-tibia OR a graft from the hamstrings (semitendinosus and/or gracilis tendon)
What is a delayed fracture healing?
Failure for the fracture to heal within 1.5x the normal expected time
What is a mal-union fracture healing?
Misalignment of the proximal and distal fragments leading to a biomechanical deformity (rotation, angulation, shortening or translation)
What is a non-union fracture issue?
Failure to consolidate within 2x the normal expected time. May be atrophic or hypertrophic depending on the blood supply and degree of stability.
What are the four things required for a bone graft to be effective?
Osteogenesis, osteoconduction, osteoinduction and osteopromotion
Define osteogenesis
Formation or development of new bone cells contained in the graft
Define osteoconduction
The physical effect by which the matrix of the graft forms a scaffold that favours outside cells to penetrate the graft and form new bone
Define osteoinduction
The chemical process by which molecules contained in the graft converts the neighbouring cells into osteoblasts
Define osteopromotion
Where the graft material enhances osteoinduction
