Revision 6C Flashcards
Heuristics
cognitive strategies for mental shortcuts that enable individuals to form judgements and opinions efficiently and quickly.
base rate fallacy
a type of bias in which decisions are influenced more by memories and experiences rather than statistical fact.
anchoring heuristic
forming judgements from first information received about an idea or concept
availability heuristic
“accessible heuristic”, forming judgments based on information that is easily available.
representative heuristic
making categorical judgements based on similar characteristics to those in the same category
affect heuristic
making decisions using emotions
Social identity theory
the tendency for people to favour their in-group over an out-group in order to enhance their sense of
self-esteem
Social loafing
an individual’s reduction in effort when work is performed in a group as compared to individually,
due to the belief that others will put in the effort
Culture
the customs, behaviours, and values
of a particular group in society
Individualist culture
a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of individuals and values
independence
Collectivist culture
a culture that prioritises the needs and goals of groups