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Psychology (units 1 and 2) > Chapter 2 and 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 and 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychological Development refers to…

A

changes in functioning across multiple domains over a life time

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2
Q

Nature or Nurture?

A

Both have a key roll in influencing development and interact with one another.

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3
Q

Hereditary factors (nature)

A

genetically passed down.

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4
Q

Environmental factors (nurture)

A

factors from physical or social surroundings

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5
Q

Biopsychosocial model

A

reflects how biological, psychological, and social factors interact and influence development

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6
Q

biological factors

A

genetic and/or physical facotrs

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7
Q

Psychological factors

A

factors relating to a persons mind, thoughts and feelings

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8
Q

Social factors

A

factors relating to a person’s relationships or external environment

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9
Q

Emotional Development

A

Life long development of skills that allow control, expression and recognition of emotions in an appropriate way.

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10
Q

4 elements of EQ (emotional intelligence)

A
  1. perceive and judge emotions accurately.
  2. access and evoke emotions
  3. comprehend emotions (language and information)
    4, regulate own or others emotions
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11
Q

Attachment

A

the emotional bond between an infant and their primary caregiver.
- formed based on physical touch comfort

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12
Q

Three stages of attachment

A

secure attachment
insecure-avoidant
insecure-anxious

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13
Q

Cognitive development

A

The development of mental processes over a lifespan. the move from concrete (literal form) to symbolic thinking (sophisticated).

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14
Q

Assimilation

A

taking in new information and fitting it to an existing mental idea

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15
Q

Accommodation

A

changing an existing idea in order to fit new information

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16
Q

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

A

stages of cognitive development. based of evidence from his own children

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17
Q

Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years)

A

object permanence developed
goal-directed behavior- can influence the physical world around

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18
Q

Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)

A

Ego-centrism- inability to see things from another’s perspective
Animism- the belief that objects have consciousness
Centration- focus on one object at a time

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19
Q

Concrete operational stage (7-12 years)

A

conservation- object doesn’t change in mass
classification- the grouping of things based on different categories.

20
Q

Formal operational stage (12+ years)

A

Abstract thought- considering concepts that are not tangible (love, freedom)
logic- the ability to objectively consider a problem from multiple pathways.

21
Q

Social Development

A

active learning of skills and behaviors that enable social interactions over a lifetime.

22
Q

Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development

A

see table on onenote

23
Q

Maturation

A

(the process of maturing) biologically programmed process of growth that has a fixed sequence (that differs from person to person.

24
Q

Brain plasticity (during maturation)

A

the brain’s ability to change shape in response to experience and learning. this allows development of mapped-out skills.

25
Q

Critical periods

A

the narrow rigid developmental period in which a specific function or skill is to be learned in the fastest and easiest way. if not learned in the critical perod, may not ever be leaned.

26
Q

sensitive period

A

the optimal developmental period for specific functions or skills to be learned in the fastest and easiest way.

27
Q

Typical behaviour

A

consistent with how a person normally reacts

28
Q

Atypical behavior

A

Unusual for how the person normally reacts

29
Q

Psychological criteria: cultural perspectives

A

influence of society on feelings and behaviors- e.g.- nationality group, religious background

30
Q

Psychological criteria: social norms

A

unofficial rules according to how a person should react

31
Q

Psychological criteria: statistical rarity

A

something that lies outside the range of something that is considered normal, enough so to be significant, e.g- a baby only starting to walk at age 3

32
Q

Psychological criteria: personal distress

A

atypical, self-oriented negative emotional reaction

33
Q

Psychological criteria: maladaptive behavior

A

atypical, action that impairs the ability to meet changing needs of everyday life.

34
Q

Normality

A

behaviours considered to be common or acceptable.

35
Q

Abnormality

A

behaviours considered to deviate from the norm

36
Q

Normality: socio-cultural

A

normal according to a particular set of codes relating to culture or social context

37
Q

Normality: Functional

A

normal if thoughts, feelings, and behaviors allow coping with everyday life.

38
Q

Normality: Historical

A

what people think is normal changes through different historical periods

39
Q

Normality: statistical

A

normality is based on what the majority of people think, feel or behave

40
Q

Normality: Situational

A

normality is based on what is acceptable in different contexts

41
Q

Adaptive development vs Maladaptive

A

adaptive is being able to adjust appropriately. compared to maladaptive behaviour.

42
Q

Neurotypicality

A

individuals who display expected neurotypical functioning. Exists on a continuum with neurodiversity.

43
Q

Neurodiversity

A

variations in neurotypical development and functioning

44
Q

neurodivergent

A

an individual that has a variation in neurotypical development and functioning.

45
Q

psychiatrists

A

a doctor who specializes in mental health and wellbeing
- can diagnose
- can prescribe
- can create management plans

  • need a medical degree (up to 12 years of study)
46
Q

Psychologist

A

professionally trained in one or more branches of psychology
- can diagnose
- cannot give meds
- can help through therapy and counseling
- can create management plans

  • need psychology degree including post-grad study (up to 6 years)
47
Q

Mental health workers

A

members of a mental health treatment team
- can support through counseling, education programs, and managing mental health records

Psychology (units 1 and 2) (23 decks)

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