Revision 1C and 1D Flashcards

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1
Q

Convenience sampling

A

any sampling technique that involves selecting readily available members of the population, rather than using a random or systematic approach

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2
Q

Random Sampling

A

any sampling technique that uses a procedure to ensure every member of the population has the same chance of being selected

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3
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Any sampling technique that involves selecting people from the population in a way that ensures its strata (subgroups) are proportionally represented in the sample.

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4
Q

Allocation

A

The process of assigning participants to experimental conditions or groups

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5
Q

Extraneous variable

A

any variable that is not the independent variable but may cause an unwanted effect on the DV

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6
Q

Confounding variable

A

a variable that has directly and systematically affected the dependent variable, apart from the independent variable. (could be an extraneous variable that has not been controlled for, or a variable that simply cannot be controlled)

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7
Q

Participant related variables

A

characteristics of a study’s participants that may effect the results

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8
Q

Order effects

A

the tendency for the order in which participants complete experimental conditions to have an effect on their behaviour.

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9
Q

Placebo effects

A

when participants beliefs or expectations impact how they behave (if they believe something will work, it will work)

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10
Q

Experimenter effect

A

The expectations of the experimenter can impact the results

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11
Q

situational variables

A

any environmental factor
that may affect the
dependent variable

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12
Q

non-standardised instructions and procedures

A

when directions and procedures
differ across participants
or experimental conditions

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13
Q

demand characteristics

A

cues in an experiment that
may signal to a participant
the intention of the
study and influence their
behaviour

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14
Q

Reducing extraneous and confounding variables- counterbalancing

A

a method to reduce order
effects that involves
ordering experimental
conditions in a certain way

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