Revision Flashcards
According to Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s (1968) model of memory, which memory holds information for a fraction of a second?
Sensory memory
What procedure was used by Wilhelm Wundt to train participants to describe their thoughts and experiences in response to stimuli under controlled conditions?
Analytic introspection
Who introduced the flow diagram to represent what is happening in the mind?
Donald Broadbent
Why is Tolman considered an early cognitive psychologist?
Because he used behaviour to infer mental processes
The cognitive revolution
Was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades
The objective of Donder’s reaction time experiment was to
Measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision
If a Gestalt psychologist was baking a cake, what would they most focus on?
The cake
What is a key difference between dendrites and axons?
One sends information and the other receives information
Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localisation of function?
Specific areas of the brain serve different functions
Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli
Brain areas are specialised for specific functions
If you’ve seen one, you’ve seen them all best reflects:
Likelihood principle
Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as:
Neural circuits
What is the process of unconscious inference?
When our perceptions are the result of inferences that we make about the environment
When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented by:
The firing rate of the action potentials
Maria took a drink from a container labelled milk. Surprised, she spat out the liquid because it was juice. Maria likes juice, so why did she have a negative reaction? Her response was affected by:
Top-down processing
Which of the following is a connectionist model proposing that concepts are represented by activity that is spread across a network?
Parallel distributed processing theory
Which of the following terms is most closely associated with semantic networks?
Cognitive economy
Collins and Quilian explained the results of priming experiments by introducing the concept of _ into their network model
Spreading activation
Priming occurs when presentation of one stimulus
Facilitates the response to another stimulus that usually follows closely in time
_ is a typical member of a category
A prototype
For the category fruit, people give a higher typicality rating to banana than to kiwi. Knowing that, we can reason:
The word fruit will lead to larger priming effect for banana than for kiwi.
Anne Treisman’s attenuator analyses the incoming message in terms of attributes but not:
Whether the perceptual load is high or low
Broadbent’s model is called an early selection model because:
The filter eliminates unattended information at the beginning of the information flow
How does perceptual load differ from processing capacity?
Perceptual load is individual and processing capacity is universal
Funahashi’s work on monkeys doing a delayed response task examined the role of neurons in the
prefrontal cortex
Digit span is a measurement of
Short-term memory
Research suggests that the capacity of short-term memory is
somewhat small, holding only about seven times at one time
H.M. underwent brain surgery to relieve sever epileptic seizures. His case demonstrated
Short-term memory can operate normally while long-term memory is impaired
Semantic memory is to_ and episodic memory is to_
Knowing, remembering
The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true:
Simply because we have been exposed to them before
According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?
Making a connection between each word and something you have previously learned
A script is a type of schema that also includes knowledge of
a sequence of actions
The idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the information over and over in what we read, see on TV, and talk about is?
Narrative rehearsal hypothesis
Imagery enhances memory because
Imagery can be used to make connections between items to be remembered
Learned skills are an example of?
Procedural memory
One way to eliminate the recency effect is to:
Have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word
What’s the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal?
Elaborative is more effective than Maintenace
What is nociceptive pain?
Pain resulting from actual or potential tissue damage, which causes the release of chemical mediators that stimulate nerve fibres to initiate pain signals to the brain
Pacinian corpuscles are_ that respond to_ and _
tactile receptors, deep pressure, vibration
The brain begins to disassociate real words from pseudowords how many milliseconds after the stimulus uniqueness point?
50MS
Which is not a cue that the brain uses to determine where one word ends and the next begins?
Contrasting
