Revision

Question 1

According to Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin’s (1968) model of memory, which memory holds information for a fraction of a second?

Answer 1

Sensory memory

Question 2

What procedure was used by Wilhelm Wundt to train participants to describe their thoughts and experiences in response to stimuli under controlled conditions?

Answer 2

Analytic introspection

Question 3

Who introduced the flow diagram to represent what is happening in the mind?

Answer 3

Donald Broadbent

Question 4

Why is Tolman considered an early cognitive psychologist?

Answer 4

Because he used behaviour to infer mental processes

Question 5

The cognitive revolution

Answer 5

Was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades

Question 6

The objective of Donder’s reaction time experiment was to

Answer 6

Measure the amount of time it takes to make a decision

Question 7

If a Gestalt psychologist was baking a cake, what would they most focus on?

Answer 7

The cake

Question 8

What is a key difference between dendrites and axons?

Answer 8

One sends information and the other receives information

Question 9

Which of the following is consistent with the idea of localisation of function?

Answer 9

Specific areas of the brain serve different functions

Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli

Brain areas are specialised for specific functions

Question 10

If you’ve seen one, you’ve seen them all best reflects:

Answer 10

Likelihood principle

Question 11

Groups of interconnected neurons are referred to as:

Answer 11

Neural circuits

Question 12

What is the process of unconscious inference?

Answer 12

When our perceptions are the result of inferences that we make about the environment

Question 13

When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented by:

Answer 13

The firing rate of the action potentials

Question 14

Maria took a drink from a container labelled milk. Surprised, she spat out the liquid because it was juice. Maria likes juice, so why did she have a negative reaction? Her response was affected by:

Answer 14

Top-down processing

Question 15

Which of the following is a connectionist model proposing that concepts are represented by activity that is spread across a network?

Answer 15

Parallel distributed processing theory

Question 16

Which of the following terms is most closely associated with semantic networks?

Answer 16

Cognitive economy

Question 17

Collins and Quilian explained the results of priming experiments by introducing the concept of _ into their network model

Answer 17

Spreading activation

Question 18

Priming occurs when presentation of one stimulus

Answer 18

Facilitates the response to another stimulus that usually follows closely in time

Question 19

_ is a typical member of a category

Answer 19

A prototype

Question 20

For the category fruit, people give a higher typicality rating to banana than to kiwi. Knowing that, we can reason:

Answer 20

The word fruit will lead to larger priming effect for banana than for kiwi.

Question 21

Anne Treisman’s attenuator analyses the incoming message in terms of attributes but not:

Answer 21

Whether the perceptual load is high or low

Question 22

Broadbent’s model is called an early selection model because:

Answer 22

The filter eliminates unattended information at the beginning of the information flow

Question 23

How does perceptual load differ from processing capacity?

Answer 23

Perceptual load is individual and processing capacity is universal

Question 24

Funahashi’s work on monkeys doing a delayed response task examined the role of neurons in the

Answer 24

prefrontal cortex

Question 25

Digit span is a measurement of

Answer 25

Short-term memory

Question 26

Research suggests that the capacity of short-term memory is

Answer 26

somewhat small, holding only about seven times at one time

Question 27

H.M. underwent brain surgery to relieve sever epileptic seizures. His case demonstrated

Answer 27

Short-term memory can operate normally while long-term memory is impaired

Question 28

Semantic memory is to_ and episodic memory is to_

Answer 28

Knowing, remembering

Question 29

The propaganda effect demonstrates that we evaluate familiar statements as being true:

Answer 29

Simply because we have been exposed to them before

Question 30

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?

Answer 30

Making a connection between each word and something you have previously learned

Question 31

A script is a type of schema that also includes knowledge of

Answer 31

a sequence of actions

Question 32

The idea that we remember life events better because we encounter the information over and over in what we read, see on TV, and talk about is?

Answer 32

Narrative rehearsal hypothesis

Question 33

Imagery enhances memory because

Answer 33

Imagery can be used to make connections between items to be remembered

Question 34

Learned skills are an example of?

Answer 34

Procedural memory

Question 35

One way to eliminate the recency effect is to:

Answer 35

Have participants count backwards for 30 seconds after hearing the last word

Question 36

What's the relationship between elaborative rehearsal and maintenance rehearsal?

Answer 36

Elaborative is more effective than Maintenace

Question 37

What is nociceptive pain?

Answer 37

Pain resulting from actual or potential tissue damage, which causes the release of chemical mediators that stimulate nerve fibres to initiate pain signals to the brain

Question 38

Pacinian corpuscles are_ that respond to_ and _

Answer 38

tactile receptors, deep pressure, vibration

Question 39

The brain begins to disassociate real words from pseudowords how many milliseconds after the stimulus uniqueness point?

Answer 39

50MS

Question 40

Which is not a cue that the brain uses to determine where one word ends and the next begins?

Answer 40

Contrasting