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physiology christian > review third test > Flashcards

review third test Flashcards

1
Q

1, 2a, 2x muscle fiberes

A

slow twitch high oxidative, small, weak
2a: jack of all trades master of non. last long time, high oxygen, decent strength. is worse than 1 and 2x
2x muscle fibers low oxidative, ery good strength, fast twitch

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2
Q

lactic acid can cause what

A

lowering of ph

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3
Q

endurance training

A

can’t change type 1 fiber to type 2. you can change 2x to 2a.

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4
Q

golgi tends and muscle spindles are apart of what

A

muscles send stress signal. these are both are for proprioception
golgi tendon organs:for tension

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5
Q

cardiac cells

A

are autoryhthmic
intercalated discs: gives them a tight joint
gap junctions:allow them to funciton as one big unit
allow electroconductivy to go

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6
Q

difference b/w cardiac and smooth

A

the use of calcium channels. heart have calcium induced clacium releaseed.
they have volrtage gated calcium channels are not directly connected to calcium channels.

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7
Q

dense bodies

A

fda

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8
Q

verisocicity

A

dense bodies. for smooth muscle hfieowa

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9
Q

smooth muscle uses what

A

calmodloin. cardiac DOESNT’.

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10
Q

remember order of activaiton

A

first is sano activates the heart
then
rkg

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11
Q

cardi system order

A

blood velles:arteres, arterioles. capillaries, venules, veins.

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12
Q

what can increase the venus return?

A

the limphatic system can help increase venus return. it puts fluid back into circulation.

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13
Q

what doe limphatic sytem do

A

transport fats, immune system, puts fluid back into system

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14
Q

compositon of blood

A

45 formed elments. very smalll buff elements which is diff types of white bloo d cells.

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15
Q

osmorecepotrs

A

in the hypothalmus cause release of adh

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16
Q

if leukocytes en dsin phils it is

agranules vs granules

A

granules

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17
Q

mono cytes become what

A

macrophages. they engulf.

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18
Q

red blood cells come from what

A

red bone marrow. due to erytorpoesis which is released by kidneys.

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19
Q

you have antibodies for hwat you are (with regards to blood bype)

A

with what you’r enot

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20
Q

clotting which comes first. platetet or fibirin clot

A

platete clot.

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21
Q

vasopasm come before what

A

platetlets. a vasopasm is what?

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22
Q

know the valves .atriventricular AV valve. semilunar

A

fdas

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23
Q

lub dub is what

A

LUB IS CLSOING OF AV VALVES. DUB IS CLSOING OF SEMILUNAR ALVES

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24
Q

edv - esv

A

end diastolic volume 0 end systolic volume = stroke volume.

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25
Q

ejection fraction

A

39 MIN

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26
Q

contractility

A

helps heart squeeze harder

frank starting system 40 min

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27
Q

40 min

A

fda

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28
Q

exiciatiaton calcium

A

ex

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29
Q

refractory periods

A

atria - ventricles
depolar - repolar
42: electrocardiogram ecg or ekg

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30
Q

strucute of blood vessels 44

A

large arteries also can stretch which makes then elastic. they can pform as a pressure reservoir .
next size down is thicker in middle releative to thier size. they are muscle or disbributor arteries
arteriole: have lot sof smooth muscle can re direct blood but not as resisitant. they can tighten up or vasodilate
capillaries: two types
40% of blood in large vein

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31
Q

tunic media

A

DT

32
Q

precapillar sphincter

A

is closed down to a metarteriole so won’t get bypass. choosin g to make it go through capillary bed.
if it is opened 45 MIN.

33
Q

venous vales

A

ensure one direciton flow of blood. VENIS TWO 46 MIN. SKELETAL PUMPS AND VENOUS PUMPS.

34
Q

Total cholesterhol ldls vs hdls

A

hdls are good. ldls are bad. look at ratio

35
Q

statin drugs do what

A

lower cholesterol levels

36
Q

astherscloerosis and inflammation

A

inflammation can cuase asthersclerosis and vice versa.

37
Q

lympathic ssytem funcitons

A

fdsa

38
Q

cardiac output stroke volume regular of cardic rate A

A

fda

39
Q

symphatic riases heart rate

A

vagus or sympahtic influences

40
Q

edv preload

A

fd

41
Q

what 3 factors can increse stroke volume

A

preload want it higher
after load you wan tlower
blod pressure is like afterload. .
prelaod is how much comes into the heart, venous return
contracitility how hard the heart squeezes down.
thhen cardiac ouput also goes up

42
Q

another way to determine cardiac output

A

besides hr times sv.
delta pover r

mean arterial pressure 54 MIN d

43
Q

what can raise and lower blood pressure

A

hormones that mess with blood pressure. start with a and other one with r
aldosterone: pulls in sodium and water which raises blood pressure cuz volume increases.
adh:
angiotenson: biggest effect on blood pressure.
atriometriac peptide: lowers blood pressure
renan:raises it
55 min

44
Q

hydrostatic vs osmotic pressure

A

hydrostatic is pushing. capillar hydrostatic pressure. interstital wi

45
Q

starling forces

A

fdsa

46
Q

what can cause edema

A

high arterial blood pressure, venous obstruciton, leakge of plastma protein into interstiicals space, decrease plasma protein pressure, obstruciton of lymphatic drainage.

47
Q

adh

A

produced by hypothamlus based on oslmarity oslmality. important in kidneys.

48
Q

adh and water retention

A

also simulates third

49
Q

aldosterone

A

fdsa

50
Q

what does amp do

A

fda

51
Q

factors causing resistance

A

delta p over r

length of the vessel (more length increases resistanace), viscosity of the blood higher viscosity increases resistance, raidus of the blood vessel (smaller raidus increase resistance a lot to the 4th power. raidus is important.

52
Q

puasiel law

A

fdsa

53
Q

TPR

A

dfa

54
Q

what can locally moedulat the blood flow

A

smooth muscle can relax by bradykini, nitric oxide, and prostiglandin i2 to produce vasodilation.
myogennic mechansims:if high amount of blood flow is responded by smooth muscle
metabolic control ; controled by metabilite that it produced. CO@, lactic acid, potassium.
reactive hypermia:constriciton causes build up of metabolic waste which will cause vasodilation.

55
Q

does heart give more blood flow durilng diastoly or systoly

A

diastolic cuz it lets blood in went it is relaxed.

56
Q

does heart give more blood flow durilng diastoly or systoly

A

diastolic cuz it lets blood in went it is relaxed.

57
Q

coronary blood flow

A

fewea

58
Q

skeltal msucles

A

receive 20-25% can increase 20 times. 1,000 to 20,000

59
Q

at rest athlete has highe rstroke volume

A

it is why they have low resting heart rate.

60
Q

cerebral circulation is what during exercise.

A

held constant at about 750 even if exercised.

61
Q

baroreceptors

A

activated chagnes in blood pressure detected by baroreceptors (stretch receptors) in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses. stimulated and fire faster if more blood pressure

62
Q

if given systolic and diastolic and the pulse, give hte pulse pressure, the heart rate, and the mean arterial pressure.

A

know how to calculate mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure,
mean arterial pressure: 2 parts dp to 1 parts sp divided b 3.

63
Q

know difference b/w r waves

A

different b/w heart beats

64
Q

3 kinds of metabolism for 3 differen subsrate and fuel soruces

A

fea

65
Q

fastest way to get energy to get atp

A

creatine phosphate and add, add turns into atp and phosphate loses creatine

66
Q

glycolysis

A

glucose-pyruvate acid . from here can go to lactate, acan go to acetyal coa, and glycerol.

67
Q

cory cycle lactate to pyruvac acid

A

gfa

68
Q

gluconeogenseiss

A

pyruvic acid to glucose.

69
Q

acetyal coa

A

usued for kerbs cycle. from here 3nadh, 1fadh2, 1atp per cycle. glucose cranks cycle twice. from there etc (electron transport chain)

70
Q

lipids (triglycerides) broken down is called what

A

lipollysis. from here 3 fa’s.

71
Q

3 fa’s turn into aceytal coa throgh what

A

beta oxidation.

72
Q

transamination and oxidative de animation what is the difference?

A

oxidative de animating forming urea.

73
Q

remember hormones for huger and satiety.

A

1 30 30

74
Q

remember hormones for huger and satiety.

A

1 30 30

hunger: ((((((ghrelin))))), npy,
saitety: ((((lectin, cck,))) melocortin, msh, ppy (polypeptide y)

75
Q

insulin and growth hormine are anabolic or catabolic

A

anabolic. everyhing else tends to be catabolic

76
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

high waiste measurement, high cholesterol, etc. 1 37 30

physiology christian (14 decks)

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