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review third test Flashcards

1
Q

1, 2a, 2x muscle fiberes

A

slow twitch high oxidative, small, weak
2a: jack of all trades master of non. last long time, high oxygen, decent strength. is worse than 1 and 2x
2x muscle fibers low oxidative, ery good strength, fast twitch

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2
Q

lactic acid can cause what

A

lowering of ph

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3
Q

endurance training

A

can’t change type 1 fiber to type 2. you can change 2x to 2a.

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4
Q

golgi tends and muscle spindles are apart of what

A

muscles send stress signal. these are both are for proprioception
golgi tendon organs:for tension

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5
Q

cardiac cells

A

are autoryhthmic
intercalated discs: gives them a tight joint
gap junctions:allow them to funciton as one big unit
allow electroconductivy to go

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6
Q

difference b/w cardiac and smooth

A

the use of calcium channels. heart have calcium induced clacium releaseed.
they have volrtage gated calcium channels are not directly connected to calcium channels.

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7
Q

dense bodies

A

fda

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8
Q

verisocicity

A

dense bodies. for smooth muscle hfieowa

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9
Q

smooth muscle uses what

A

calmodloin. cardiac DOESNT’.

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10
Q

remember order of activaiton

A

first is sano activates the heart
then
rkg

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11
Q

cardi system order

A

blood velles:arteres, arterioles. capillaries, venules, veins.

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12
Q

what can increase the venus return?

A

the limphatic system can help increase venus return. it puts fluid back into circulation.

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13
Q

what doe limphatic sytem do

A

transport fats, immune system, puts fluid back into system

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14
Q

compositon of blood

A

45 formed elments. very smalll buff elements which is diff types of white bloo d cells.

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15
Q

osmorecepotrs

A

in the hypothalmus cause release of adh

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16
Q

if leukocytes en dsin phils it is

agranules vs granules

A

granules

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17
Q

mono cytes become what

A

macrophages. they engulf.

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18
Q

red blood cells come from what

A

red bone marrow. due to erytorpoesis which is released by kidneys.

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19
Q

you have antibodies for hwat you are (with regards to blood bype)

A

with what you’r enot

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20
Q

clotting which comes first. platetet or fibirin clot

A

platete clot.

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21
Q

vasopasm come before what

A

platetlets. a vasopasm is what?

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22
Q

know the valves .atriventricular AV valve. semilunar

A

fdas

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23
Q

lub dub is what

A

LUB IS CLSOING OF AV VALVES. DUB IS CLSOING OF SEMILUNAR ALVES

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24
Q

edv - esv

A

end diastolic volume 0 end systolic volume = stroke volume.

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25
ejection fraction
39 MIN
26
contractility
helps heart squeeze harder | frank starting system 40 min
27
40 min
fda
28
exiciatiaton calcium
ex
29
refractory periods
atria - ventricles depolar - repolar 42: electrocardiogram ecg or ekg
30
strucute of blood vessels 44
large arteries also can stretch which makes then elastic. they can pform as a pressure reservoir . next size down is thicker in middle releative to thier size. they are muscle or disbributor arteries arteriole: have lot sof smooth muscle can re direct blood but not as resisitant. they can tighten up or vasodilate capillaries: two types 40% of blood in large vein
31
tunic media
DT
32
precapillar sphincter
is closed down to a metarteriole so won't get bypass. choosin g to make it go through capillary bed. if it is opened 45 MIN.
33
venous vales
ensure one direciton flow of blood. VENIS TWO 46 MIN. SKELETAL PUMPS AND VENOUS PUMPS.
34
Total cholesterhol ldls vs hdls
hdls are good. ldls are bad. look at ratio
35
statin drugs do what
lower cholesterol levels
36
astherscloerosis and inflammation
inflammation can cuase asthersclerosis and vice versa.
37
lympathic ssytem funcitons
fdsa
38
cardiac output stroke volume regular of cardic rate A
fda
39
symphatic riases heart rate
vagus or sympahtic influences
40
edv preload
fd
41
what 3 factors can increse stroke volume
preload want it higher after load you wan tlower blod pressure is like afterload. . prelaod is how much comes into the heart, venous return contracitility how hard the heart squeezes down. thhen cardiac ouput also goes up
42
another way to determine cardiac output
besides hr times sv. delta pover r mean arterial pressure 54 MIN d
43
what can raise and lower blood pressure
hormones that mess with blood pressure. start with a and other one with r aldosterone: pulls in sodium and water which raises blood pressure cuz volume increases. adh: angiotenson: biggest effect on blood pressure. atriometriac peptide: lowers blood pressure renan:raises it 55 min
44
hydrostatic vs osmotic pressure
hydrostatic is pushing. capillar hydrostatic pressure. interstital wi
45
starling forces
fdsa
46
what can cause edema
high arterial blood pressure, venous obstruciton, leakge of plastma protein into interstiicals space, decrease plasma protein pressure, obstruciton of lymphatic drainage.
47
adh
produced by hypothamlus based on oslmarity oslmality. important in kidneys.
48
adh and water retention
also simulates third
49
aldosterone
fdsa
50
what does amp do
fda
51
factors causing resistance
delta p over r length of the vessel (more length increases resistanace), viscosity of the blood higher viscosity increases resistance, raidus of the blood vessel (smaller raidus increase resistance a lot to the 4th power. raidus is important.
52
puasiel law
fdsa
53
TPR
dfa
54
what can locally moedulat the blood flow
smooth muscle can relax by bradykini, nitric oxide, and prostiglandin i2 to produce vasodilation. myogennic mechansims:if high amount of blood flow is responded by smooth muscle metabolic control ; controled by metabilite that it produced. CO@, lactic acid, potassium. reactive hypermia:constriciton causes build up of metabolic waste which will cause vasodilation.
55
does heart give more blood flow durilng diastoly or systoly
diastolic cuz it lets blood in went it is relaxed.
56
does heart give more blood flow durilng diastoly or systoly
diastolic cuz it lets blood in went it is relaxed.
57
coronary blood flow
fewea
58
skeltal msucles
receive 20-25% can increase 20 times. 1,000 to 20,000
59
at rest athlete has highe rstroke volume
it is why they have low resting heart rate.
60
cerebral circulation is what during exercise.
held constant at about 750 even if exercised.
61
baroreceptors
activated chagnes in blood pressure detected by baroreceptors (stretch receptors) in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses. stimulated and fire faster if more blood pressure
62
if given systolic and diastolic and the pulse, give hte pulse pressure, the heart rate, and the mean arterial pressure.
know how to calculate mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure: 2 parts dp to 1 parts sp divided b 3.
63
know difference b/w r waves
different b/w heart beats
64
3 kinds of metabolism for 3 differen subsrate and fuel soruces
fea
65
fastest way to get energy to get atp
creatine phosphate and add, add turns into atp and phosphate loses creatine
66
glycolysis
glucose-pyruvate acid . from here can go to lactate, acan go to acetyal coa, and glycerol.
67
cory cycle lactate to pyruvac acid
gfa
68
gluconeogenseiss
pyruvic acid to glucose.
69
acetyal coa
usued for kerbs cycle. from here 3nadh, 1fadh2, 1atp per cycle. glucose cranks cycle twice. from there etc (electron transport chain)
70
lipids (triglycerides) broken down is called what
lipollysis. from here 3 fa's.
71
3 fa's turn into aceytal coa throgh what
beta oxidation.
72
transamination and oxidative de animation what is the difference?
oxidative de animating forming urea.
73
remember hormones for huger and satiety.
1 30 30
74
remember hormones for huger and satiety.
1 30 30 hunger: ((((((ghrelin))))), npy, saitety: ((((lectin, cck,))) melocortin, msh, ppy (polypeptide y)
75
insulin and growth hormine are anabolic or catabolic
anabolic. everyhing else tends to be catabolic
76
metabolic syndrome
high waiste measurement, high cholesterol, etc. 1 37 30

physiology christian (14 decks)

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