first of second test Flashcards
peripheral
plexus: cervical, brachial, lumar, sacral. batch of nerves, ganglia: structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber
root: part of nerve intially leaving cns
Myelin is a lipid-rich (fatty) substance formed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by Schwann cells.
Myelin: insulating layer allowing for effiency.
central NS component
tracts which are part of spine
afferent/acending is towards cns, efferent/descend is away
DCML also ascending
anterolaterla spinothalamic asending and pain, temp
brain and spinal chord
Myelin is a lipid-rich (fatty) substance formed in the central nervous system (CNS) by glial cells called oligodendrocytes,
nuceli: ganglia for CNS
nomenclatures
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sympathetic vs parasympahthetic neuro and locations
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parts of neuron and function
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differnet types of neurons
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electric levels of neurons when changes occur
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polarization terms
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EPSP what does it mean and action or graded potential
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IPSP what does it mean and action or graded potential
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spatial vs temporal summation
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mylineated axon functions and diseases
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unmylineated axon funcitons and diseases
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order of events of neural synapse and transfer to anothe neuron
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ions involved and how they channels to let them in are activated. Go ahead and know the order (as I told you in class).
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how CSF flows and structures involved
j
functions of different lobes
hh
homunculus45 min
45 min
sleep waves
cs
limpic system what it does and what it is involved with
ds
how do endocrine glands secrete
fdafdsa59 30
what is a secreted by the major endocrine glands
100 20
fdsa
1 02 30
ster = what
steroid. testonSTERone
synergistic effects
of hormone interactions
permissive effects
of hormone interactions
t4 15
107 20
goiter causd by
low ioidine
pnancrease
1 09 00
what secretes melatonin and what does it do
fda
know order of camp
water soluble hormone-receptor-1 g protein-2adenyl cyclase 3-camp which makes atp 4- protein kinase - 5enzyme hormone then goes to p - enzyme hormone
vegas nerve
parasympahtetic and hits whole body.
hypoglossial nerve
tongue funciton, speaking
what all protects the brain?
meningnes and cerebrospinal fluid produced by ventricles
how does age effect vision?
cataracts (cloudiness in less caused by uv light, dehydration, or oxidation which causes crystalline proteins to change shape)
Age related macular degeneration AMD. degernation of macula lutea and central fovea. 1 in 3 over 75 and leadign cause of blindness. center vision, loss of retinal pigment epithelium.
special senses and the receptors and structures
taste, hearing, sight, smell (olfactory)
taste: bumps called papillae, facial and glossal nerves-medulla oblongta-thalmus-cortex gustaroy and parietal lobe
olfactory: sustenacular cells oxidzie hdrophobic odors, inter connections made with amygdyla, hippocamups and limpid sysstem thru pirifom cortex
hearing: balance is inner ear know utricle and saccule, modifiied epithelial cells sterocilia, and kinocilium (true cilium), tympanic membrane, cochlea, sensory hair cells on basilar membrane, vestibular choclear nerve,
vision: aqueus humor fills anteror adn posterior chambers, cones, pupillary reflex from gangin cells,
tactile sensation/acuity
how close together but sitll recognize two pints, how many or how close sensory neurons are, smaller fields.
sympatheric increases
heart rate, parasympatetic decreases
cholinergic vs adneral receptors
cholinergic is nicotinic, musacarinic
adenergic: alpha adn beta. alpha nore, beta epinephrine
nerve cell
axon, axon terminal, cell body (soma cell),
types of neurons
Pseudounipolar: single short process that branches like a T to form 2 longer processes; sensory neurons
Bipolar neurons: have two processes, one on either end; found in retina of eye
Multipolar neurons: several dendrites and one axon; most common type
levels of neurons
at rest is -70 high K inside adn NA outside. is polarized cuz inside is more negative.
