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physiology christian > chapter 6 (last chapter of first test) > Flashcards

chapter 6 (last chapter of first test) Flashcards

1
Q

intrinsic communication is where

A

inside cells

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2
Q

blanck of water is within cells in intracellular compartment

A

67%

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3
Q

extracellular fluid coposiiton

A

20% plasma 80% blood

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4
Q

ground substance

A

composed of glycoproteins (protiens and sugars) and proteolgycans (composed of polysaccharides)

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5
Q

Integrens**

A

are glycoprtiens tha textend from cytoskelton and bind to extracellular matrix

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6
Q

functions of integres

A

FINISH SLIDE

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7
Q

plasma membrane permeability

A

geerally not permeabel to proteins nucleic acids, or other large moeclues, generally permeable to ions, nutrients, and wastes.

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8
Q

categoresi of membrane transport 2

A

noncarrier mediated (simple diffusion of lipid soluble molecules, simple diffusion of ions,

carrier mediated (faicliated fisuisn, ataive transport

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9
Q

wahat can pass easily

A

small nonpolar lipid soluble molecues, water which often uses aquaporins, gas exchnage like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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10
Q

** rate of diffsuion depends on what

A
  1. magnited of concentraiton difference the driving force for diffusion
  2. pereambility of the m;ebrane ot the moecules
  3. temperature of the souiton; higher temperature increase the rate
  4. suface areaof the membrane; increased by micrvilli.
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11
Q

requirements of osmosis

A

most be a solute concentration that is different

membrane must be imperable to the solute or concentraiton diff wil lnot be maintained.

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12
Q

osmotic pressure is waht

A

force surrounding a cel required tosotp osmosis. used to describe osmotic ull of a solution. higher solute concetraiton would require a higher osmotic pressure. pure water has an osmotic pressure of zero.

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13
Q

blood glucose in body should be **

A

70-110

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14
Q

tonicity

A

the effect of a solute concentration on the osmosis of water. if membrane seraptes a .3m glucose and a .15 NaCl solution no net movement of water = siontic.

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15
Q

**crenation

A

water comes out of cell

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16
Q

**homeostasis of plasma concentration

A

FINISH SLIDE

ADH

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17
Q

faciliated diffusion**

A

uses no atp, still go form high to low concetration, requires specific carrier-mediated proteins. transport prtoeins may always exist in plamsa memebrane or be iserted when needed.

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18
Q

secondary active transport

A

hitching a ride. also called coupled transport. energy needed to mvoe moelcues across thier concetration gradient isacauired by moving sodium back into the cell.

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19
Q

cotransport or symport

A

other moelcule FINISH SLIDE.

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20
Q

ABSOROPTION **

A

TARNSPORT OF DIGETSIVE PRODUCTS ACROSS INTESTINAL EPTHELUM INTO THE BLOOD

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21
Q

REABSORTOPION**

A

transporrt of molecules out of urinary filrate into the blood.

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22
Q

Tight junctions

A

finish slide

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23
Q

bulk tranpsort

A

fusion of vesicle with membrane.

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24
Q

membrane potential

A

difference in charge is called a potential difference. inside of cell is negative.

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25
high potassium in cell vs
high sodium outside
26
**main ions in cells
Sodium inside MM 145 mM outside K 150 mM in and 5 mM out Cl 9Mm in 125 out Ca .0001 n and 2.5 out.
27
gap junctions**
allow adjacet cell sto apss ions and regulartor y moeclues through a channel b/w cells
28
paracrine signaling **
cells with an organ secrete molecules that diffuse acros shte extracellular space (talk with neighbor0
29
**a steroid or nonpolar would be for
nuclear direct communcation. does not need messenger
30
if something is polar **
needs messengers
31
**patho physiology
concerns how disease works
32
homeostasis
balance the body based on negative feedback loop.
33
negative feed back loops 3 parts
trying to control what it is measuring. FINSISH SLIDE
34
dynamic constancy
FINISH SLIDE
35
POSITIVE FEEDBAC
FINISH
36
BIG REGULATORS OF HOMEOSTASIS
NERVES AND ENDOCRINE.
37
FOUR MAJOR CATEOGRIES OF TISSUES
MUSCLE, NERVOUS. CONNECTIVE, FINISH SLIDE
38
CARDIAChas special connections an dnucleated discs
fdfd
39
neuroglia
second kind of nerve cell for support, helping connecitons holding things togehter. outnumber neurons 9 to 1. for nutrients. don't conduct nerve impulse themselves.
40
four types of connective tissue
proper, cartilage, bone, blood.
41
collagen, elastic, and reticular
for adhesive qualities. `
42
chondrocytes are
cartilage.
43
goosebumps are due to what
erector pillae.
44
bottom layer of skin is what
adipose.
45
acids vs base
acids donate base take protons.
46
how do buffers stabilizae
accept or donate H
47
bicarbonate
main buffer in body
48
know range of blood ph
7.35-7.45
49
three mon sacchs
glucose fructose galactose.
50
adding glucose to monos makes what know 3 disacchs
fehwa
51
what is our stored form of starch
glycogen
52
hydrolysis vs dehydration
hydrolysis adds h20 to split. dehydration takds h20 to synthesize
53
phsophlipids have what and triglycerides
??
54
ketones from what
fat sources but used by brain.
55
phosphate head is what
polar
56
amphypathic
has polar and non polar
57
prostaglandins
regulate pain and inflammation, clotting.
58
know alpha helix and beta heated sheets are
secondary
59
quatanery strucutres are
hemogloboins
60
prtoein funcitons
fenzymes antibodies recptors carriers, structure
61
pyrimidne
cyto,thimein uracil singe C ringe plus nitrogen.
62
purine
gunaine, adenien. 2 C rings plus ntrigoen.
63
where is ribosomal RNA made
nucelolus
64
omessenger rna and hole sin nuecles
they travel there??
65
cytoplasm and cytosol
know difference finish slide.
66
protien that goes through membraneis
integral
67
peripheral protein is
protein that jus tone side
68
cholesterhol
gives flexability
69
what isi cytoskeleton made of
microtubules and microfilaments. move and provide support
70
what do lysosymes do
clean up with hdigestive enzymes.
71
autophagy
process of digesting worn out or damaged cells
72
apoptosis
programmed cell death.
73
peroxisides have what
peroxide.
74
smooth er
detoxing liver synthesis
75
where is chromatin
nuecleolus
76
methylatio
suppresse expression. makes a gene silent.
77
proteins create what
nucelosomes whihc is wrapped around histones.
78
what does helicase do
breaks up bonds of dna so it can be transcribed
79
what does polymeras do
copyer of dna
80
what doe sligase do
connects dna toether.
81
in what phase do we syntehize dna material
s phase
82
spllitting up of genetic material is wher
meisois
83
what is cytokinesis
splitting of cell.
84
what is the point of meiosis
fed
85
hypertrophy vs hyperplasia
hypertrophy is growth of given fiber. hyperplasia:grwoth due to an icrases in number of cells; responsible for grwoth of most body regions. Ilift so muschles is hypertrophy and calluses is hyperplasia.
86
what does crossing over do
increase variety, have diversity in the gene and become nique.

physiology christian (14 decks)

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