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physiology christian > chapter 6 (last chapter of first test) > Flashcards

chapter 6 (last chapter of first test) Flashcards

1
Q

intrinsic communication is where

A

inside cells

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2
Q

blanck of water is within cells in intracellular compartment

A

67%

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3
Q

extracellular fluid coposiiton

A

20% plasma 80% blood

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4
Q

ground substance

A

composed of glycoproteins (protiens and sugars) and proteolgycans (composed of polysaccharides)

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5
Q

Integrens**

A

are glycoprtiens tha textend from cytoskelton and bind to extracellular matrix

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6
Q

functions of integres

A

FINISH SLIDE

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7
Q

plasma membrane permeability

A

geerally not permeabel to proteins nucleic acids, or other large moeclues, generally permeable to ions, nutrients, and wastes.

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8
Q

categoresi of membrane transport 2

A

noncarrier mediated (simple diffusion of lipid soluble molecules, simple diffusion of ions,

carrier mediated (faicliated fisuisn, ataive transport

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9
Q

wahat can pass easily

A

small nonpolar lipid soluble molecues, water which often uses aquaporins, gas exchnage like oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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10
Q

** rate of diffsuion depends on what

A
  1. magnited of concentraiton difference the driving force for diffusion
  2. pereambility of the m;ebrane ot the moecules
  3. temperature of the souiton; higher temperature increase the rate
  4. suface areaof the membrane; increased by micrvilli.
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11
Q

requirements of osmosis

A

most be a solute concentration that is different

membrane must be imperable to the solute or concentraiton diff wil lnot be maintained.

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12
Q

osmotic pressure is waht

A

force surrounding a cel required tosotp osmosis. used to describe osmotic ull of a solution. higher solute concetraiton would require a higher osmotic pressure. pure water has an osmotic pressure of zero.

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13
Q

blood glucose in body should be **

A

70-110

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14
Q

tonicity

A

the effect of a solute concentration on the osmosis of water. if membrane seraptes a .3m glucose and a .15 NaCl solution no net movement of water = siontic.

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15
Q

**crenation

A

water comes out of cell

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16
Q

**homeostasis of plasma concentration

A

FINISH SLIDE

ADH

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17
Q

faciliated diffusion**

A

uses no atp, still go form high to low concetration, requires specific carrier-mediated proteins. transport prtoeins may always exist in plamsa memebrane or be iserted when needed.

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18
Q

secondary active transport

A

hitching a ride. also called coupled transport. energy needed to mvoe moelcues across thier concetration gradient isacauired by moving sodium back into the cell.

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19
Q

cotransport or symport

A

other moelcule FINISH SLIDE.

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20
Q

ABSOROPTION **

A

TARNSPORT OF DIGETSIVE PRODUCTS ACROSS INTESTINAL EPTHELUM INTO THE BLOOD

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21
Q

REABSORTOPION**

A

transporrt of molecules out of urinary filrate into the blood.

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22
Q

Tight junctions

A

finish slide

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23
Q

bulk tranpsort

A

fusion of vesicle with membrane.

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24
Q

membrane potential

A

difference in charge is called a potential difference. inside of cell is negative.

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25
Q

high potassium in cell vs

A

high sodium outside

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26
Q

**main ions in cells

A

Sodium inside MM 145 mM outside
K 150 mM in and 5 mM out
Cl 9Mm in 125 out
Ca .0001 n and 2.5 out.

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27
Q

gap junctions**

A

allow adjacet cell sto apss ions and regulartor y moeclues through a channel b/w cells

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28
Q

paracrine signaling **

A

cells with an organ secrete molecules that diffuse acros shte extracellular space (talk with neighbor0

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29
Q

**a steroid or nonpolar would be for

A

nuclear direct communcation. does not need messenger

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30
Q

if something is polar **

A

needs messengers

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31
Q

**patho physiology

A

concerns how disease works

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32
Q

homeostasis

A

balance the body based on negative feedback loop.

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33
Q

negative feed back loops 3 parts

A

trying to control what it is measuring. FINSISH SLIDE

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34
Q

dynamic constancy

A

FINISH SLIDE

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35
Q

POSITIVE FEEDBAC

A

FINISH

36
Q

BIG REGULATORS OF HOMEOSTASIS

A

NERVES AND ENDOCRINE.

37
Q

FOUR MAJOR CATEOGRIES OF TISSUES

A

MUSCLE, NERVOUS. CONNECTIVE, FINISH SLIDE

38
Q

CARDIAChas special connections an dnucleated discs

A

fdfd

39
Q

neuroglia

A

second kind of nerve cell for support, helping connecitons holding things togehter. outnumber neurons 9 to 1. for nutrients. don’t conduct nerve impulse themselves.

40
Q

four types of connective tissue

A

proper, cartilage, bone, blood.

41
Q

collagen, elastic, and reticular

A

for adhesive qualities. `

42
Q

chondrocytes are

A

cartilage.

43
Q

goosebumps are due to what

A

erector pillae.

44
Q

bottom layer of skin is what

A

adipose.

45
Q

acids vs base

A

acids donate base take protons.

46
Q

how do buffers stabilizae

A

accept or donate H

47
Q

bicarbonate

A

main buffer in body

48
Q

know range of blood ph

A

7.35-7.45

49
Q

three mon sacchs

A

glucose fructose galactose.

50
Q

adding glucose to monos makes what know 3 disacchs

A

fehwa

51
Q

what is our stored form of starch

A

glycogen

52
Q

hydrolysis vs dehydration

A

hydrolysis adds h20 to split. dehydration takds h20 to synthesize

53
Q

phsophlipids have what and triglycerides

A

??

54
Q

ketones from what

A

fat sources but used by brain.

55
Q

phosphate head is what

A

polar

56
Q

amphypathic

A

has polar and non polar

57
Q

prostaglandins

A

regulate pain and inflammation, clotting.

58
Q

know alpha helix and beta heated sheets are

A

secondary

59
Q

quatanery strucutres are

A

hemogloboins

60
Q

prtoein funcitons

A

fenzymes antibodies recptors carriers, structure

61
Q

pyrimidne

A

cyto,thimein uracil singe C ringe plus nitrogen.

62
Q

purine

A

gunaine, adenien. 2 C rings plus ntrigoen.

63
Q

where is ribosomal RNA made

A

nucelolus

64
Q

omessenger rna and hole sin nuecles

A

they travel there??

65
Q

cytoplasm and cytosol

A

know difference finish slide.

66
Q

protien that goes through membraneis

A

integral

67
Q

peripheral protein is

A

protein that jus tone side

68
Q

cholesterhol

A

gives flexability

69
Q

what isi cytoskeleton made of

A

microtubules and microfilaments. move and provide support

70
Q

what do lysosymes do

A

clean up with hdigestive enzymes.

71
Q

autophagy

A

process of digesting worn out or damaged cells

72
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death.

73
Q

peroxisides have what

A

peroxide.

74
Q

smooth er

A

detoxing liver synthesis

75
Q

where is chromatin

A

nuecleolus

76
Q

methylatio

A

suppresse expression. makes a gene silent.

77
Q

proteins create what

A

nucelosomes whihc is wrapped around histones.

78
Q

what does helicase do

A

breaks up bonds of dna so it can be transcribed

79
Q

what does polymeras do

A

copyer of dna

80
Q

what doe sligase do

A

connects dna toether.

81
Q

in what phase do we syntehize dna material

A

s phase

82
Q

spllitting up of genetic material is wher

A

meisois

83
Q

what is cytokinesis

A

splitting of cell.

84
Q

what is the point of meiosis

A

fed

85
Q

hypertrophy vs hyperplasia

A

hypertrophy is growth of given fiber.
hyperplasia:grwoth due to an icrases in number of cells; responsible for grwoth of most body regions.

Ilift so muschles is hypertrophy and calluses is hyperplasia.

86
Q

what does crossing over do

A

increase variety, have diversity in the gene and become nique.

physiology christian (14 decks)

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