chapter 3 Flashcards
what cells have mroe mitochondira
cells that are very active like muscle cells
lysosomes
cleans up and digests materials with lysosymes
peroxosome
has peroxidee and breaks down things but more of an immune funciton
nucelolus
produces ribosomal RNA
centroles
transport and give structure
golgi aparatus
packaging and shipping
vesicles
packages
word glyco means
carb
glycoprotein and glycolipid are used for
identificaiton
integral proteins
goes through cell
*** membrane proteins functions 5
structural support transport enzynatic control of cell processes receptors for hormones and other molecules self markers for immune system
what does phagocytosis use to digest
often uses lysosome
endocytosis
into cell. it is an active process
uses vesicle
what does exocytosis
golgi aparatus
microvili
is in digestive system. usually columnar
cytoskeleton is composed of
various types of proteins.
peroxisomes
has oxidative enzymes. most prevalnt in liver. also contains catalase.
mitochodnrai two membranes
inside nner is the matrix.
cisternae
of golgi complex. they are stacks of hollwo faltttened sacs cavities.
chromatin is what
material in nuecleus
methylation
a way of altering the genes from epingenetics
phosphorylation
big way of altering the gene. from epigenetics
exons stay in dna introns get what
cut out
chromatin is what
what chromsome are made up of. bound beind nucelsomes
inducible promtoers are what
they get turned on.
mRNa synthesis and splicing
dna strand gets made a complement strand . called transcrition. turned into RNA.
post transcriptional modification
cutting out introns and exons spliced together.
translation
complement to mRNA called tRNA. tRNA made of anticodons for codons.
we onl need how many aminos
8 or 9
s phase of pmat goes between what
2 g phases for replication of genetic material.
mitosis vs myosis
mysosis is sexual replication of cells
helicase does what
unwinds DNA
dna Polymerase
replicates new mRNA copy
ligase does what
seal segements of DNA especially on lagging. they are called okazaki.
cell death happens patholgocially by what
necrosis
cell death naturally happens by what
apoptosis
22 pairs of chromsomes are called what
autosomes
last pair of 23 is called what
sex chromosome
crosssing over
exchanging homogolous parts of chromosomes. what can causes changes in siblings etc
posttranslational modificatiions of histone proteins
know this?
