First class

Question 1

what is physiology

Answer 1

study of bio funciton how the body works. concerned with normal funcitosn of cells. emphasizes mechanisms. explains usilnlg cause and effect sequences. derived from scientific experiments.

Question 2

pathophysiology

Answer 2

conerns how diseas or injyry affects physiological processes. aids understanding

Question 3

scientific method

Answer 3

a. make observations
b. form hypothesis. must be testable. it is a guess statement. can be negative or positive. (lifting does make you stronger vs lifting weight doesnt)
c. design and conduct experiments or make more observations. subects, methods, materials, which tests.
d. analyze the data
e. results must be replicated many time before a conclusion is accepted.
f. serveral verified hypotheses may become a general theory.
DISCUSSION: interpretting the results and findings.

Question 4

measurements, controsl and stats of scientific methods. good physiologal reserach requires what? 4.

Answer 4

requires quantifiable measurements
an experiemtanl group and a control group
statistical analysis
review and publication by a peer reviewed journal

Question 5

walter Cannon what did he do

Answer 5

first to coin homeostasis

Question 6

Homeostasis 4.

Answer 6

1. his constany of the internal environment
2. the main purpose of our physiological mechanisms is to maintain homeo
3. deviation from homeostasis indicates disease.
4. homeo is accomplished most often by negative feedback looop. it is dynamic. it balances ***

Question 7

negative feedback loops** pathways3

Answer 7

A. sensors:in the body to detect change and send info to the
B. Integrating center:which assesses change around a set point. the integrating center then sends instrucitons to an
C. Effector:which can make the appropriate adjustments to counter the change from the setpoint.

Question 8

mechanis of negative feedback loops** 4

Answer 8

a. moves in the oposite direction form the change
b. makes the change from setpoint smaller
c. reverses the chagne in teh setpoint
d. this is a continuous process, always making fine adjustments to stay in homeo.

Question 9

example of negatvie feedback loop

Answer 9

sweating and shivering.

Question 10

antagonist effectors of negative feedback loops

Answer 10

homeo is ofte

Question 11

positive feeback 3.

Answer 11

the end product in a process stimulates the process.
b. the actio amplifies the changes that stimulated the effectors.
3. positive fedback could not work alone, but it does contibute to many negative feedback loops
a bllod vessel is damamged to form clot and also child birt.

Question 12

HORMones and feedback control 2.

Answer 12

hormes are secred in response to stimuli ( an increase i blod sugar results in release of insulin which remofes sugar
secretion can be inhibted by its own effects (decreased blood sugar inhibits the release of insulin

Question 13

4 major tissues

Answer 13

muscle, nervous FINISH

Question 14

3 types of muscle.

Answer 14

CARDIAC, SKELETAL, SMOOTH

Question 15

3 types of muscle.

Answer 15

CARDIAC, SKELETAL, SMOOTH. cardiac and skeletal are striated. cardiac and striated and involuntary. skeletal is voluntary

Question 16

cardiac muscles

Answer 16

have junctions between cells calle intercalated discs.

Question 17

2 types of nerve cells.

Answer 17

neuron and dendrion (dendrites)

Question 18

epithelial tissue

Answer 18

based on shape and the stacking. forms mebranes tha tcover body surfaces, lin ein inside of hollow organs.

Question 19

3 shapes of epithelial

Answer 19

squomous, cuboidal, columnar.

Question 20

what does keratin do

Answer 20

it makes them strong and tough

Question 21

collagen fibers

Answer 21

connective tissue

Question 22

exocrine glands

Answer 22

made up of epithelial. they release product into blod to transport to have an effect somewhere else. for example sweat glands.

Question 23

3 types of exocrine

Answer 23

simple tubural simple acinar, and branched

Question 24

4 types of connective tissue

Answer 24

cartliage, blood, bone, connective tissue proper

Question 25

3 kinds of fibers in connective

Answer 25

elastic, reticular, and collagen

Question 26

tendon

Answer 26

bone to muscle

Question 27

diifferent systems and the major organs

Answer 27

Integumatry:hair skin nails

nervous: brain, spinal cord, nerves
endorcrine: homrone secreting glands:pitutary throid, and adrenal
skeltal: bones, cartilages
muscualr: skeletal
circulatroy: heart, blood vessesl, lynphatic
immune: red bone marrow, lymphoid organs
repiratry: lungs always FINISH SLIDE

Question 28

BODY fluid compartments

Answer 28

65 percent is inside cells

Question 29

extracellular fluid

Answer 29

area outsiee the cells. blood plasma and interstitial fluid.