Review Stuff Flashcards
Arthritis that gets better with use including the MCP joint with nodules
RA
- CD4 mediated process
Squamous dysplasia spectrum
- AK: partial thickness atypia
- SCCIS: full thickness atypia
- Met SCC: Full thickness with basal layer infiltration
Palisading rings of lymphocytes, jaw cyst and PTCH mutation
- Gorlin’s syndrome
Trabecular bone without cells in lacunae
- necrotic, expect to see wedge shaped infarct
- sequela is osteoarthritis due to collapse of trabeculae
Increased melanocytes Without atypia (should resemble lymphocytes)
- normal Nevus
Pagetoid spread of melanocytes
Malignant melanoma
- local: Breslow
- met: stage
Puzzle piece mosaic lines
- Paget’s disease
- upregulation of blasts and clasts
Bimodally distributed hard tissue neoplasm
- osteosarcoma
Most common hard tissue neoplasm in the elderly
- chondrosarcoma
- axially distributed
Most common tumor in kids
- Ewing sarcoma
Most common tumor occurring in bone
- Metastatic lesions coming from the prostate in men and the breasts in women
Primary cause of mortality in Deschenes’s muscular dystrophy
- cardiac failure
- resp failure can support
Severely atrophied facial muscles with ring fibers in myositis on biopsy
Myotonic dystrophy
Muscle wasting with Panfascicular myocyte lost
Spinal muscular atrophy
Trichrome stain yielding parking lot inclusions in mitochondria, weakness with exercise
- mitochondrial myopathy
- neural and cardiac sequelae
Glycogen storage disease that effects both muscle and liver
Pompe’s disease
Inflammatory process showing lymphocytic infiltration in skin and muscle
- adults only
- everyone
- dermatomyocytis: in all ages
- polymyocytis: in adults only
Retroperitoneal malignancy
- liposarcoma
- could also be Fibromatosis (desmoid) but less common and more symptoms
Benign tumor that acts malignant
Fibromatosis
- recapitulates muscle tissue -> fibrotic mass
Leiomyomas vs. leiomyosarcomas
Leiomyomas are fairly common, leiomyosarcomas are quite rare.
Erlenmyer flask deformity
- seen in the ends of long bones of osteopetrosis
- carbonic anhydrase II
Mutation in TCIRG1
- osteopetrosis
- screws with H pumps decreasing
Saddle nose deformity
- associated with metastatic lung cancer appearance
Wegeners
Sqstm1 mutation
Found in 50 % of Paget’s cases
Deep vs. superficial Fibromatoses
- location
- mechanism
- superficial is either palmar, plantar or penile (mechanism unknown)
- deep are associated with musculature of abdomen
~ associatd with APC/B-catenin mutations, and FAP
Failure to let go after handshake
Myotonic dystrophy
Anticipation, seen with onset in teenagers
Type I MD
- type II is adult onset and shows no anticipation and is less severe
DMPK gene mutation
- myotonic dystrophy
- CTG repeats (more repeats, mo sever disease)
External opthalmoplegia, neuro symptoms and cardiomyopathy
- mitochondrial myopathy
Ragged red fibers and “parking lot” inclusions
Mitochondrial myopathy
Threadlike bands of protein derived from a-actinin
Nemaline
- floppy babies
- arthrogryposis: contracture of joints
Condition assoc. with thymomas
- myasthenia gravis
- excess production of T cells -> ACh attack
Edrophonium
- AChE to diagnose MG
- aka Tensilon test
Rhabdomyosarcoma best and worst prognosis
- best = embryonal (botryoid tumor)
- worst = alveolar
Dermatomyocytis as a Paraneoplastic syndrome in kids
GI cancer
Soap bubble, epiphisial tumor
- giant cell tumor
Metaphyseal tumor transformation
- osteosarcoma (benign tumor starts in bone) -> chondrosarcoma
Radiolucent core on X-ray, aspirin doesn’t relieve pain
- osteoblastomas
Tombstone blister morphology
Separation of s. basale from rest: desmosome (desmoglien 1 and 3)
Bisphosphonates as treatment
- Paget’s disease
Velvety darkening of the skin in axilla/groin
- acanthosis nigricans
- associated with gastric carcinoma and TIIDM
Saw toothed dermal-epidermal junction, 6 P’s
- lichen planus
Tizarotine
- cat X
- MOA: comedolytic, normalizes epidermal differentiation, anti inflammatory
Guttate psoriasis
- small lesions over trunk and proximal extremities
- preceded by strep throat infection
Storiform ground glass appearing tumor associated with precocious puberty
- fiberous dysplasia
- 70% monostic
Hair growth signaling genes
WNT - follicle development
Notch - epidermal differentiation
Atopic dermatitis pathenogenesis
- fillagrin
- TH2 mediated
Tzank smear
HSV detection
- detects giant cells
Hutchinsons sign
- herpes zoster papules appearing on nose: get opthalmaic consult
Bright red plaques with satillite pustules
Candidiasis
- may be associated with
Sabourauds/Mycosel gel
- diagnosis of superficial fungal infection
Acral lentiginous melanoma
Palms, soles, nail beds
- most common in dark skinned
