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SF2 1 > Review Slides > Flashcards

Review Slides Flashcards

1
Q

Innervation: Muscles of Palate (Except Tensor Palati)

A

CN X

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2
Q

Otitis media

A

middle ear infection. Common in children. The middle ear is a dead end cavity

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3
Q

Function of tarsal glands (in eyelid)

A

keeps tears from evaporating (they release this oily thing; not important)

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4
Q

Location of pulse of carotid artery

A

upper border of thyroid cartilage

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5
Q

Cartilage to bone distribution of Auditory Tube

A

Anterior 2/3 are cartilage. Posterior 1/3 is bone.

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6
Q

What does the hypothalamus control

A

sympathetic function

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7
Q

How can an infection from the respiratory, prolonged in the auditory ossicles, lead to the brain?

A

Via the tegmen tympani (roof of middle ear)

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8
Q

Failure of fusion of medial nasal process and maxillary process can lead to…

A

cleft lip

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9
Q

Cranial nerve supplied by third branchial arch

A

IX

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10
Q

Site of Oropharyngeal membrane

A

palatoglossal arch

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11
Q

How to tell facial arteries and veins apart?

A

Facial arteries wiggle around. Facial vein completely straight

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12
Q

Cause of cleft lip

A

failure of fusion of medial nasal and maxillary processes

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13
Q

Epidural hematoma is (fast/slow)

A

fast

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14
Q

Cranial nerve supplied by second branchial arch

A

VII

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15
Q

Vertebral level of carotid artery pulse

A

vertebral level C4

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16
Q

Why can’t children with middle ear infections localize pain?

A

Sensory innervation is visceral sensory, so it’s not precise

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17
Q

Cranial nerve supplied by fourth branchial arch

A

X

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18
Q

Neurons with all processes (dendrites and axons) inside the CNS

A

Interneuron

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19
Q

Innervation: Tensor Tympani

A

CN V (V3)

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20
Q

An increase in CSF pressure can affect vision. What surrounds the optic nerve?

A

Dura and Subarachnoid Space

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21
Q

Babinski sign is a result of…

A

upper motor neuron lesion

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22
Q

Swelling of the optic disc (where optic nerve leaves eye)

A

Papilledema

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23
Q

Mumps

A

Viral infection of the parotid gland

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24
Q

Lesion associated with clasped knife reflex

A

upper motor neuron lesions

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25
Q

Push cerebellum through foramen magnum

A

tonsillar herniation

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26
Q

Connect orbit and nasal cavities between ethmoid and frontal bones. Contains anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves, arteries, and veins (branches of V1 and Opthalmic artery/vein)

A

Anterior and Posterior Ethmoidal Foramina

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27
Q

Found medial and dorsal to optic nerve

A

Long Ciliary Nerves

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28
Q

Formed from Branchial Pouch 3

A

Inferior Parathyroid Glands and Thymus Gland

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29
Q

Contents of supraorbital foramen in frontal bone

A

Supraorbital nerve (from V1), supraorbital artery/vein, and opthalmic artery/vein

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30
Q

Sensory fiber type. Monosynaptic connections with alpha motor neurons (fastest reflexes)

A

Group Ia

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31
Q

Action of orbicularis oculi

A

close eye

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32
Q

Cranial nerve supplied by first branchial arch

A

V (all in V3)

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33
Q

Branches of the Facial Nerve running through the Parotid Gland (Superior to Inferior)

A
  • Temporal
  • Zygomatic
  • Buccal
  • Mandibular
  • Cervical

Mnemonic: Tır Zevki BMC

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34
Q

Lower motor neuron disorder of Facial Nerve

A

bell’s palsy

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35
Q

Circular smooth muscle constricting the pupil

A

Constrictor Pupil

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36
Q

Lateral Strabismus

A

Wall-eyed. Due to paralyzed medial rectus

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37
Q

Functions of chorda tympani nerve in tympanic membrane

A

1) carries taste special sense

2) parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular ganglion

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38
Q

Innervation: Stylopharyngeus

A

CN IX

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39
Q

Torn in an epidural hematoma

A

middle mingeal artery

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40
Q

What is blurred vision (diplopia) caused by

A

Two eyes not moving together (CN III, IV, VI)

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41
Q

Two things that open eye

A

sympathetics and oculomotor nerve

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42
Q

Thickening of the lens for near vision

A

Accomodation

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43
Q

Crescent shaped hematoma on CT

A

subdural hematoma

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44
Q

Sense lost if tympanic membrane is pierced

A

taste

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45
Q

Are the temporalis and masseter inside or outside of the mandible

A

outside

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46
Q

Sensory fiber type. Either Monosynaptic connections direct to motor neuron or polysynaptic connections to motor neurons via interneurons.

A

Group II

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47
Q

Thin plane of petrous part of temporal bone; separates from middle cranial fossa

A

Tegmen Tympani.

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48
Q

Passes through Parotid Gland

A

1) CN VII
2) Retromandibular Vein
3) External Carotid Artery
4) Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

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49
Q

Innervation to Dilator Pupil muscle

A

sympathetics

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50
Q

Parts of the brainstem leading into the spinal cord

A

Midbrain -> Pons -> Medulla

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51
Q

Outflow of parasympathetic innervation

A

Cranio-sacral levels

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52
Q

Obstruction of tarsal (Meibomian) glands in eyelid

A

Chalazion

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53
Q

Innervation: Muscles of Pharynx (minus stylopharyngeus)

A

CN X

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54
Q

When lens is thickened, suspensory ligaments are…

A

relaxed

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55
Q

Lens shaped mass on CT

A

epidural hematoma

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56
Q

In maxillary and lacrimal bones and inferior nasal concha; contains: tears

A

Nasolacrimal Duct

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57
Q

Function of Lateral and Medial Pterygoid

A

Aid lateral movement of jaw by pulling toward opposite side

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58
Q

Innervation: Mylohyoid

A

CN V (V3)

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59
Q

Damage to VI at rest

A

Medial strabismus (cross-eyed) due to damage. Paralyzed lateral rectus

60
Q

Only innervated by sympathetics (found in skin)

A

Sweat glands and peripheral blood vessels

61
Q

Artery passing through the cavernous sinus

A

internal carotid artery

62
Q

Types of neurons in trigeminal nerve

A

somatic sensory

63
Q

Clinical sign of infection in sinus

A

blurred vision

64
Q

Formed from Branchial Pouch 1

A

1) Tubotympanic recess
2) auditory tube
3) tympanic cavity

65
Q

Innervation: Muscles of mastication

A

CN V (V3)

66
Q

Type of innervation to lacrimal gland (CN VII)

A

Parasympathetics from Pterygopalatine Ganglion

67
Q

Innervation: Anterior Belly of Digastric

A

CN V (V3)

68
Q

Can form thyroid tissue (cysts) along path (midline, anterior to hyoid, larynx)

A

Thyroglossal Duct Remnants

69
Q

Fractures of Zygomatic Arch

A

1) zygomatic bone
2) zygomatic process of maxillary bone
3) zygomatic process of temporal bone

70
Q

Source of the long ciliary nerves

A

V1

71
Q

Type of innervation in Short Ciliary Nerves

A

Parasympathetic control CN III

72
Q

Innervation: Muscles of Larynx

A

CN X

73
Q

Muscle that contains the tested sense organ when tapped

A

homonymous muscle

74
Q

Floor of middle ear

A

Jugular foramen. Internal jugular vein can rupture to the middle ear.

75
Q

Anhydrosis

A

lack of sweating

76
Q

Fibrous connective tissue ‘skeleton’ of eyelid, deep to orbital septum

A

Tarsal plate

77
Q

Four muscles involved in lateral movements of jaw

A

1) lateral pterygoid
2) medial pterygoid
3) temporalis
4) masseter

78
Q

Voluntary motor to skeletal muscles of face, ear, pharynx, and neck that are derived from branchial arches

A

Branchiomotor

79
Q

Ciliary ganglion is parasympathetics of…

A

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

80
Q

Effect of Trigeminal Nerve Damage in Jaw

A

Jaw deviates TOWARD paralyzed side; unopposed action of lateral pterygoid muscle of intact side

81
Q

Damage to sympathetic pathways leading to miosis, ptosis, and anhydrosis

A

Horner’s Syndrome

82
Q

TMJ (Temporomandibular joint) dysfunction or Jaw lock

A

Articular disc stuck on articular tubercle

83
Q

Result of facial paralysis that can paralyze orbicularis oculi muscle

A

damage to the cornea of the eye (unable to spread tears)

84
Q

Palpebral part vs orbital part of orbicularis oculi

A

Palpebral part closes eyelids. Orbit part “buries” eyelids.

85
Q

Innervation: Stylohyoid

A

CN VII

86
Q

Cranial nerve supplied by sixth branchial arch

A

XI

87
Q

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons in Trigeminal Nerve

A

Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion

88
Q

Autogenic inhibition

A

Ib sensory neuron (golgi tendon organ) makes excitatory synapse onto interneuron. Interneuron makes inhibitory synapse onto motor neuron and synergist; excitatory to antagonist.

89
Q

Path of tear drainage

A

Lacrimal puncta on medial end of eyelid -> lacrimal canaliculi to lacrimal sac -> sac connects to nasolacrimal duct which drains to inferior meatus of nasal cavity

90
Q

Affects (at rest) of damage to Oculomotor (III) nerve damage

A

1) Lateral Strabismus (Wall-eyed)
2) Ptosis
3) Dilated Pupil

91
Q

Compresses mouth and keeps food between teeth when chewing

A

buccinator

92
Q

Radial smooth muscle in charge of dilating the pupli

A

Dilator Puplin

93
Q

Innervation to the Constrictor Pupil

A

Parasympathetics from CN III

94
Q

At the wall of what does the internal carotid artery turn (carotid siphon)?

A

Cavernous sinus. Passes through this.

95
Q

Roof of middle ear

A

Tegmen Tympani

96
Q

Innervation: Tensor Palati

A

CN V (V3)

97
Q

Formed from Branchial Pouch 2

A

Lining (crypts) of Palatine Tonsils

98
Q

First Branchial Membrane forms…

A

Tympanic membrane

99
Q

Causes of ptosis

A

1) Damage to CN III (levator palpebrae superioris)

2) Damage to sympathetics from T1-2 (superior tarsal muscle)

100
Q

Boundary between oral cavity and pharynx

A

palatoglossal arch

101
Q

Stye / Horde’Olum

A

Result from obstruction/infection of sebaceous glands in subcutaneous layer of the eyelid

102
Q

Three mechanisms of subarachnoid hematoma

A

Tearing of cerebral artery, aneurysm (berry aneurysm), or cerebral vein

103
Q

Symptoms of mass pressing on Trigeminal Ganglion

A

Numbness and intense pain

104
Q

Pushing the temporal lobe through tentorial notch

A

uncal herniation

105
Q

Are the lateral/medial pterygoids inside or outside of the mandible

A

inside

106
Q

Difference between lower and upper motor neuron disorder of VII

A

Sparing of upper face in upper motor neuron disorder

107
Q

Innervation of Parotid Gland

A

Parasympathetics of CN IX

108
Q

What does the resting position of the eye depend on

A

tonic activities in muscle

109
Q

Innervation: Posterior Belly of Digastric

A

CN VII

110
Q

Formed from Branchial Pouch 4

A

Superior Parathyroid Glands and C-Cells (Calcitonin) of Thyroid

111
Q

Corresponding cranial nerve and function of ciliary ganglion

A

CN III. Sphincter pupilae and ciliary muscles

112
Q

Where does CSF reabsorb into venous sinuses

A

Arachnoid Villi

113
Q

Innervation of middle ear

A

Visceral sensory from CN IX

114
Q

After IV damage, what happens to the eye.

A

Patient cannot look down and out (superior oblique affected). Difficulty walking down stairs; head tilted

115
Q

Structures passing through wall of cavernous sinus

A

1) internal carotid artery
2) CN III
3) CN IV
4) CN IV
5) CN V1
6) CN V2
7) CN VI

116
Q

Compression of Auriculotemporal nerve due to swelling (Mumps) or parotid tumor can also lead to…

A

referred pain to the ear

117
Q

Location of CSF production

A

choroid plexuses

118
Q

Contents of infraorbital foramen in maxillary bone

A

1) Infraorbital nerve (V2), artery, and vein

2) Maxillary Artery

119
Q

First Branchial Cleft/Groove forms…

A

External Auditory Meatus

120
Q

What do patients also complain about in Bell’s Palsy (besides the facial drooping shit)

A

earaches

121
Q

Subdural hematoma is (fast/slow)

A

slow

122
Q

Treatment for otitis media

A

tympanostomy (tube through tympanic membrane)

123
Q

Outflow of sympathetic innervation

A

Thoraco-Lumbar levels

124
Q

Function of Temporalis and Masseter

A

Aid lateral movement of jaw by pulling toward same side

125
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilated pupil due to paralyzed pupillary constrictor

126
Q

Somatic sensory to the skin, oral/nasal cavities, joints, and muscles are almost all Trigeminal nerve except….

A

Skin of outer ear (VII, IX, X)

127
Q

Crossed extension reflex

A

reversal of excitation/inhibition in opposite limb

128
Q

Found lateral and dorsal to optic nerve

A

Short Ciliary Nerves

129
Q

Paralysis of the buccinator. Problems

A

difficulty in chewing and drooling

130
Q

What is the Babinski Sign and what is normal

A

Babinski is extension of big toe and fanning of other toes upon stimulus to skin of sole of foot. Normally the toes just flex down

131
Q

Definition of a reflex

A

stereotyped motor response to a specific sensory stimulus

132
Q

Affect on the lens when ciliary muscles contract

A

lens thickens

133
Q

Only two groups of somatic motor somites in head

A

1) preotic somites – extrinsic muscles of eye (CN III, IV, and VI)
2) occipital somites – muscles of tongue in CN XII

134
Q

When lens is normal (less thick) suspensory ligaments are…

A

taut

135
Q

Innervation: Stapedius

A

CN VII

136
Q

Inferior sagittal sinus doesn’t directly join the superior sagittal sinus. What’s its course

A

Inferior sagittal joins great cerebral vein to form straight sinus – which then joins the superior sagittal sinus

137
Q

Symptom of damage to the Short Ciliary Nerves (in isolation)

A

dilated pupil

138
Q

Reduced re-absorption of CSF can produce communicating hydrocephalus due to….

A

Calcified arachnoid granulations

139
Q

Found in skin and attach to hair follicles. Innervated by sympathetics

A

Arrector Pilae Muscles

140
Q

Layers of scalp

A

1) Skin
2) Connective tissue
3) epicranial Aponeurosis
4) Loose areolar tissue
5) Periosteum

141
Q

Location of cleft lip

A

philtrum of lip

142
Q

Facial paralysis can paralyze what in the mouth

A

buccinator

143
Q

Structures of skin are innervated only by….

A

sympathetics

144
Q

Bleed of internal carotid artery inside cavernous sinus

A

Carotid-Cavernous Fistula

145
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping eyelid due to paralyzed levator palpebrae superioris

146
Q

Miosis

A

pupillary constriction

SF2 1 (13 decks)

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