Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Types of cranial nerves identical to spinal nerves
1) somatic motor (voluntary skeletal muscles)
2) somatic sensory (precise sensation to skin joints, muscle, tendon receptors; in head also nasal and oral cavities)
3) visceral motor (smmoth muscles, blood vessels; secretomotor to glands)
4) visceral sensory (imprecise sensation from gut, blood vessels, glands, internal organs)
Types of cranial nerves exclusive to cranial nerves
1) special senses (vision, hearing, balance)
2) chemical senses (taste and smell)
3) branchiomotor (voluntary skeletal muscles from branchial arches)
Two groups of somatic motor innervation in the head
eye and tongue muscles
Somatic sensory in the head
Precise sensation in skin, oral, and nasal cavity
Preotic Somites
Forms extrinsic muscles of eye in Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), and Abducens (VI) cranial nerves
Occipital Somites
Forms muscles of tongue in CN XII. Hypoglossal nerve.
Most of the sensory innervation to the face is from the Trigeminal (V) nerve. What are the exceptions?
Skin of the outer ear (VII, IX, and X; refer to image in slides)
Mass (ex. tumor) pressing on _____ Ganglion can produce numbess, intense pain
Trigeminal Ganglion
Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons in the trigeminal nerve
Trigeminal (Semilunar) Ganglion
Ganglia close to vertebrae (Sympathetic or parasympathetic?)
sympathetic
Ganglia close to target organ (Sympathetic or parasympathetic?)
parasympathetic
Location of origin of all sympathetic autonomic nerves
Thoracic and Lumbar Cord
Parasympathetics (cranio-sacral) found in how many cranial nerves?
four
Innervated by submandibular ganglion (coming off medulla)
1) lacrimal gland
2) mucous glands of oral cavity, nasal cavity, and palate
3) submandibular gland
4) sublingual gland
Parasympathetic innervation from submandibular ganglion leaves with which cranial nerve?
Cranial Nerve VII
Visceral sensory innervation to the three parts of the pharynx
1) Nasopharynx - VII
2) Oropharynx - IX
3) Laryngopharynx - X
Innervated by Cranial Nerve VIII. Responsible for hearing
cochlea
Innervated by Cranial Nerve VIII. Responsible for balance
semicircular canals (vestibular apparatus)
Division of taste into three cranial nerves
1) Vagus - Anterior to epiglottis
2) Glossopharyngeal - posterior 1/3 tongue
3) Facial - anterior 2/3 tongue
Motor innervation to voluntary skeletal muscles on the head derived from…
branchial arches
Voluntary motor to skeletal muscles of face, ear, pharynx, and neck
branchiomotor
Branchiomotor neurons of Trigeminal Nerve (all in V3) innervate…
1) muscles of mastication
2) mylohoid
3) tensor tympani
4) tensor palati
5) anterior belly of digastric
Branchiomotor neurons of Facial Nerve innervate…
1) muscles of facial expression
2) stylohoid
3) posterior belly of digastric
4) stapedius
Branchiomotor neurons of Glossopharyngeal Nerve innervate…
stylopharyngeus
