Cranial Nerves

Question 1

Types of cranial nerves identical to spinal nerves

Answer 1

1) somatic motor (voluntary skeletal muscles)
2) somatic sensory (precise sensation to skin joints, muscle, tendon receptors; in head also nasal and oral cavities)
3) visceral motor (smmoth muscles, blood vessels; secretomotor to glands)
4) visceral sensory (imprecise sensation from gut, blood vessels, glands, internal organs)

Question 2

Types of cranial nerves exclusive to cranial nerves

Answer 2

1) special senses (vision, hearing, balance)
2) chemical senses (taste and smell)
3) branchiomotor (voluntary skeletal muscles from branchial arches)

Question 3

Two groups of somatic motor innervation in the head

Answer 3

eye and tongue muscles

Question 4

Somatic sensory in the head

Answer 4

Precise sensation in skin, oral, and nasal cavity

Question 5

Preotic Somites

Answer 5

Forms extrinsic muscles of eye in Oculomotor (III), Trochlear (IV), and Abducens (VI) cranial nerves

Question 6

Occipital Somites

Answer 6

Forms muscles of tongue in CN XII. Hypoglossal nerve.

Question 7

Most of the sensory innervation to the face is from the Trigeminal (V) nerve. What are the exceptions?

Answer 7

Skin of the outer ear (VII, IX, and X; refer to image in slides)

Question 8

Mass (ex. tumor) pressing on _____ Ganglion can produce numbess, intense pain

Answer 8

Trigeminal Ganglion

Question 9

Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons in the trigeminal nerve

Answer 9

Trigeminal (Semilunar) Ganglion

Question 10

Ganglia close to vertebrae (Sympathetic or parasympathetic?)

Answer 10

sympathetic

Question 11

Ganglia close to target organ (Sympathetic or parasympathetic?)

Answer 11

parasympathetic

Question 12

Location of origin of all sympathetic autonomic nerves

Answer 12

Thoracic and Lumbar Cord

Question 13

Parasympathetics (cranio-sacral) found in how many cranial nerves?

Answer 13

four

Question 14

Innervated by submandibular ganglion (coming off medulla)

Answer 14

1) lacrimal gland
2) mucous glands of oral cavity, nasal cavity, and palate
3) submandibular gland
4) sublingual gland

Question 15

Parasympathetic innervation from submandibular ganglion leaves with which cranial nerve?

Answer 15

Cranial Nerve VII

Question 16

Visceral sensory innervation to the three parts of the pharynx

Answer 16

1) Nasopharynx - VII
2) Oropharynx - IX
3) Laryngopharynx - X

Question 17

Innervated by Cranial Nerve VIII. Responsible for hearing

Answer 17

cochlea

Question 18

Innervated by Cranial Nerve VIII. Responsible for balance

Answer 18

semicircular canals (vestibular apparatus)

Question 19

Division of taste into three cranial nerves

Answer 19

1) Vagus - Anterior to epiglottis
2) Glossopharyngeal - posterior 1/3 tongue
3) Facial - anterior 2/3 tongue

Question 20

Motor innervation to voluntary skeletal muscles on the head derived from…

Answer 20

branchial arches

Question 21

Voluntary motor to skeletal muscles of face, ear, pharynx, and neck

Answer 21

branchiomotor

Question 22

Branchiomotor neurons of Trigeminal Nerve (all in V3) innervate…

Answer 22

1) muscles of mastication
2) mylohoid
3) tensor tympani
4) tensor palati
5) anterior belly of digastric

Question 23

Branchiomotor neurons of Facial Nerve innervate…

Answer 23

1) muscles of facial expression
2) stylohoid
3) posterior belly of digastric
4) stapedius

Question 24

Branchiomotor neurons of Glossopharyngeal Nerve innervate…

Answer 24

stylopharyngeus

Question 25

Branchiomotor neurons of Vagus Nerve innervate…

Answer 25

1) all muscles of pharynx (except stylopharyngeus)
2) muscles of larynx
3) all muscles of palate (except tensor palati)

Question 26

Branchiomotor neurons of Accessory Nerve innervate…

Answer 26

1) sternocleidomastoid

2) trapezius

Question 27

Muscle(s) of mastication responsible for closing the mouth

Answer 27

1) masseter
2) temporalis
3) medial pterygoid

Question 28

Muscle(s) of mastication responsible for opening mouth

Answer 28

lateral ptrygoid

Question 29

Test for branchiomotor innervation of CN IX and X

Answer 29

patient says AAAAAHHHH

Question 30

Two clinical tests for CN XI

Answer 30

1) shrug shoulders

2) rotate head against resistance