Review Questions exam 1

Question 1

When researchers want to ensure that certain kinds of participants in a convenience sample are obtained in particular proportions, they use

a. quota sampling
b. representative sampling
c. probability sampling
d. purposive sampling

Answer 1

quota sampling

b. ideally all samples are representative; goal is to select a subgroup that represents population as a whole
c. convenience sampling is not probability sampling its non-probability sampling
d. not correct bc this is intentional selection of participants

Question 2

most correlational research satisfies which of the following criteria for determining whether one variable leads to another?
a. directionality
b. covariation
c. elimination of extraneous variables

Answer 2

covariation

a. not correct because correlation does not mean causation and the directionality debacle is one with causation at root. Correlation between two variables may be causation; cannot tell

c. not correct because its very hard to eliminate all extraneous variables

Question 3

why should a researcher not interpret a correlation that is not statistically significant?

a. it is based on too few participants
b. the correlation of the population is likely to be zero
c. correlation does not imply causality
d. the data are like to contain outliers

Answer 3

B.

Question 4

when do reactive behaviors occur?

Answer 4

when people know they are being observed

Question 5

test bias is demonstrated when?

a. the average score for one group is lower than the average of another group
b. predictive validity is different for different groups
c. the means of the scores for two groups do not differ

Answer 5

b.

Question 6

what kind of reliability would be relevant in a study in which two observers recorded peoples behaviors during a laboratory interaction?

a. interpersonal
b. covergent
c. observational
d. interrater

Answer 6

interrater

a. not a form of reliability
b. covergent VALIDITY
c. not a form of reliability

Question 7

To gather data for her study on self-esteem, Brianda stands outside of Kimball and asks students who are entering if they would be willing to take a few minutes to complete her survey. Brianda is using

Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
Quote sampling
Purposive sampling

Answer 7

convienence

Question 8

For my study, I recruit 30 first years, 30 sophomores, 30 juniors, and 30 seniors. I am most likely using:

Convenience sampling
Snowball sampling
Quota sampling
Purposive sampling

Answer 8

quota sampling

Question 9

Before an event, Eliza wants to make sure that the programs printed properly. She randomly selects 4 of the 10 boxes of programs and checks the programs in those boxes. Eliza is using:

Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified random sampling
Cluster sampling

Answer 9

cluster sampling

Question 10

Dr. Burns selects the sample for his study by placing the names of all possible participants in a hat and then selecting 100 names. Dr. Burns in using:

Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified random sampling
Cluster Sampling

Answer 10

simple random sampling

Question 11

Dr. Jenson is interested in understanding the experiences of those who work at a large company, so he randomly samples 60 full-time employees and 40 part-time employees. Dr. Jenson is using:

Simple random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified random sampling
Cluster sampling

Answer 11

stratified random sampling

Question 12

Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest inter-rater reliability?

+0.80
-0.92
+1.75

Answer 12

+0.80

positive correlation indicates a positive relationship between variables noth increasing together thus both aggreeing thus best inter-rater reliability = the extrent to which there is aggreeance between measures

Question 13

If I ask participants to indicate their highest level of education by selecting “elementary school,” “high school,” “college,” or “graduate school,” I would be using a _____ scale.

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Answer 13

ordinal

not nominal because there is ranking order to these levels of education one is higher than another however distance between values has no meaning

Question 14

If I ask create a survey that asks you to agree or disagree with 10 items, the scale is a _______ scale.

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio

Answer 14

nominal because these are categorical responses without numerical values of significance to them