Review Part 6- 1977 to 9/11

Question 1

Camp David Accords

Answer 1

• Pres Carter invited Egyptian President and Israeli Prime Minister to Camp David
• The leaders worked on the negotiations for the framework of the peace treaty
• Egypt formally recognized the nation of Israel
• In return, Israel removed its troops from the Sinai Peninsula
• Pres Carter hoped the accords would bring in a new era of cooperation in the Middle East

Question 2

OPEC Oil Embargo

Answer 2

• OPEC is a multinational organization that sells oil to other nations and cooperates to regulate the price and supply of oil
• 1973 OPEC put a restriction on Israel’s allies, including the US
• Oil prices climbed and caused lines at the gas pumped to go for blocks
• Ended in 1974 but prices remained high

Question 3

1979 Iranian Hostage Crisis

Answer 3

• US supported the rule of the Shah of Iran
• Opposition to the Shah began to grow within Iran
• Pres Carter allowed the Shah to enter the US for medical treatment
• Enraged Iranian radical students invaded the US Embassy and took 66 Americans as hostages
• Held them for 444 days
• Hostages released after Pres. Reagan is sworn into office
• To many Americans, Carter’s failure to win all of the hostages’ release was evidence of American weakness

Question 4

Reaganomics

Answer 4

• AKA supply-side economics
• Theory rests on the assumption that if taxes are reduced, people will work more and have more money to spend, causing that economy to grow

Question 5

Iran-Contra Affair

Answer 5

• Began when the US sold weapons to Iran in 1985 in exchange for Iran’s promise to pressure terrorist groups in Lebanon to release some American hostages
• Didnt work
• Money raised from the weapons sale was then used to fund the Contras in Nicaragua even though it was banned
• Several administration officials were charged
• Pres Reagan lost a lot of support from Americans

Question 6

Reagan’s Tear Down This Wall Speech

Answer 6

• 1987 in West Berlin
• Wall symbolized the division between communism and democracy
• Reagan challenged the Soviet Leader Gorbachev to show commitment to reform by tearing down the wall

Question 7

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Answer 7

• Demolition on the wall began Nov. 1989

- Fall of the wall signified steps toward a united Germany and an end to communism in Europe

Question 8

Reunification of Germany

Answer 8

• After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Germany united as a single nation
• Communists began to lose power in Europe

Question 9

Collapse of the Soviet Empire

Answer 9

• Aug 1991
• Soviet Union supporters staged a coup in an attempt to maintain communist rule
• Millions of Russians rallied in Moscow in support of Gorbachev causing the coup to fall apart
• Communist party lost their power
• Soviet Union separated into 15 independent republics

Question 10

Goal of Pres Bush’s foreign policy against Iraq agression

Answer 10

• 1990
• Iraq invaded Kuwait to gain control of the oil production
• Bush did not want Iraq to gain control of Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves
• Bush worked to build an international coalition and backed a UN resolution demanding Iraqi troops withdraw

Question 11

Murrah Federal Building Bombing

Answer 11

• April 1995 Oklahoma City
• Worst terrorist attack before 9/11
• Timothy McVeigh arrested, convicted, and executed
• Motivated by his hatred of the federal gov and angered by what he perceived as mishandling of the 1993 Waco siege and the 1992 Ruby Ridge incident

Question 12

1993 Attack on the World Trade Center Towers

Answer 12

• Truck bomb detonated below the North Tower
• Intended to bring both towers down, but didnt work
• Attack planned by a small group of terrorists- arrested and convicted

Question 13

9/11 Terrorist Attacks

Answer 13

• 2001
• Terrorists hijacked 4 commercial passenger airplanes
• 2 crashed into the World Trade Centers in NY
• American gov officials believe Bin Laden’s al Qaeda network was behind the attacks
• “War on Terrorism” began

Question 14

Patriot Act

Answer 14

• Created by Pres Bush
• Gives law enforcement broader powers to monitor suspected terrorists
• Critics claimed the act violated civil liberties
• Most Americans are willing to give up some freedoms in return for improved safety

Question 15

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 15

• Created by Pres Bush

- Coordinates security matters among federal, state, and local agencies

Question 16

NAFTA

Answer 16

• North Atlantic Free Trade Agreement
• 1994
• Called for a gradual removal of trade restrictions among the US, Canada, and Mexico (Free Trade)
• Results- Increase in trade for US
• Mexico’s per capita gross domestic product increased
• Mexico’s poverty rate and unemployment dropped
• More Mexican citizens had electricity and more attended college

Question 17

NATO/ Yugoslavia Republics

Answer 17

• Death of communist leader Tito and the fall of communism broke up the country of Yugoslavia
• 4 of the 6 major republics formed their own states
• Ethnic and religious hostilities rose and eventually led to civil war
• Serbs attacked Bosnians and Croats in an ethnic cleansing
• Pres. Clinton encouraged NATO to bomb Serbian strongholds to put an end to the violence
• This was the first time NATO had gone into combat