Review Part 3- 1920s to New Deal Flashcards
The student will analyze the cycles of boom and bust of the 1920s and 1930s on the transformation of American government, the economy, and society.
Harlem Renaissance
-Period during the 1920s in which African American novelists, poets, and artists celebrated their culture
Jazz Age
- Named by F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Symbol of the 1920s
- Jazz musicians recombine different forms of music
- Demonstrated depth and richness of African American culture
Talkies
- Movies that began to incorporate sound/talking
- Movies spoke to the desires, needs, fears, and fantasies of the US people
Tulsa Race Riot
- 1921
- Tulsa, OK
- Armed African Americans tried to protect a black man from lynching
- 35 city blocks burned down by white rioters
Sit Down Strikes
- Workers refuse to leave the workplace until settlement is reached
- If workers were not working, products were not being made, money was not being made
Court Injunction
-A court order by which an individual is required to perform, or is restrained from performing, a particular act
Socialism
- System or theory under which the means of production are publicly controlled and regulated rather than owned by individuals
- Many believed socialism and communism could be the answer to the country’s problems during the 20s/30s
Communism
- a revolutionary socialist movement to create a classless, moneyless, and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production
- Many believed socialism and communism could be the answer to the country’s problems during the 20s/30s
Easy Credit
- 1920’s
- People spent beyond their means and bought goods on credit and made small monthly payments
- Contributed to the Great Depression
Installment Buying
- 1920’s
- Method of purchasing an item with a down payment and pays off the rest of the debt in regular monthly payments
- Contributed to the Great Depression
Modern Conveniences
- Flood of new, affordable goods became available
- Electric washing machines, vacuum cleaners, irons, radios, refrigerators
- Made housekeeping easier and quicker
Automobile
- Henry Ford introduced methods that revolutionized the car industry
- Model T was the first car the ordinary man could afford
- Assembly line helped the building process faster and easier
Indian Citizenship Act of 1924
-Granted full U.S. citizenship to America’s indigenous people
Speculation
- Practice of making high risk investments in hopes of obtaining large profits
- Contributed to the Great Depression
Buying on Margin
- System of buying stocks in which a buyer pays a small percentage of the purchase price while the broker advances the rest
- Contributed to the Great Depression
Laissez-Faire Policy
- The absence of government control over private business
- “Hands off”
Stock Market Crash
- Oct. 29, 1929
- Black Tuesday
- Stock prices fell sharply and billions of dollars were lost
Bank Failures
- After the stock market crash
- Banks did not have enough money to give to people as they tried to withdraw their money
- Thousands of banks were forced to close
Agricultural Failures
- After the stock market crash
- Crop prices began to fall and farmers could not make enough money to cover the upkeep of the farm
- Lost their land/ homes/ farms
Great Depression
- 1929-1941
- US economy collapsed and unemployment soared
Bonus Army March
- 1932
- Group of WWI veterans who marched on Washington, DC demanding early payment of a bonus promised to them
- Force was used to end their march
Hoovervilles
- Makeshift shantytowns set up by homeless people during the Great Depression
- Terms was used in a way to blame President Hoover for their situation
1932 Presidential Election
- Franklin D. Roosevelt v. Herbert Hoover
- Hoover’s popularity declined as the depression worsened
- Roosevelt won the election easily
New Deal
- Enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt
- Programs and legislation during the Great Depression to promote economic recovery and social reform
- Some organizations formed were TVA, CCC, Social Security
FDR First Inaugural Address
- March 1933
- Stated that federal gov needed to play an active role in promoting recovery and providing relief during the Great Depression
FDR Four Freedoms Speech
- Jan. 1941
- Freedom of speech
- Freedom of worship
- Freedom from want
- Freedom from fear
- All were threatened by Nazi and Japanese militarism
- Best way to stay out of conflict was to aid Britain
Deficit Spending
-The nation paying out more money than it is receiving in revenues
Roosevelt’s Court Packing Plan
- Add up to 6 new justices to the 9 member Supreme Court after the Court had ruled that some New Deal legislation was unconstitutional
- Some critics say the new members were New Deal supporters and FDR was trying to increase his power
Social Security Administration
- 1935
- Created by FDR
- Set up a pension system for retirees, established unemployment insurance, and created insurance for victims of work related accidents; provided aid for poverty stricken mothers and children, the blind, and disabled
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- FDIC
- Government agency that insures bank deposits, guaranteeing depositors’ money will be safe
Works Progress Administration
- WPA
- New Deal agency that provided work relief through various public works projects
- Built highways, soil and water conservation
- Provided programs in the arts for displaced artists
Tennessee Valley Authority
- TVA
- Agency that built dams in the Tennessee river valley to control flooding and generate electric power
Dust Bowl
- Drought and dust storms in the central and southern Great Plains during the 1930s
- Many people left the Great Plains
- Federal gov projects provided irrigation and aid to farmers
