Review of Reviews

Question 1

This is an individual’s belief that he or she can master a situation and produce positive outcomes (efficient). It affects behavior in many situations, ranging from solving personal problems to going on diets.

Answer 1

Self-efficacy

Question 2

This states that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior in order to make sense of that behavior. the person who produces the behavior is called the actor. What theory is this?

Answer 2

Attribution theory

Question 3

theory is Daryl Bem’s (1967) take on how behavior influences attitudes. According to this theory, individuals make inferences about their attitudes by observing their behavior. That is, behaviors can cause attitudes, because when we are questioned about our attitudes, we think back on our behaviors for information (view of self)

Answer 3

Self-perception theory

Question 4

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational, what development is this, and by who?

Answer 4

cognitive development: Piaget’s stages

Question 5

involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments. When we are this kind of motivated, we engage in a behavior for some external (outside) payoff or to avoid an external punishment.

Answer 5

Extrinsic Motivations

Question 6

is a person’s knowledge about the world. It includes one’s areas of expertise, general knowledge of the sort learned in school, and everyday knowledge about the meanings of words, famous individuals, important places, and common things, this is a what type of memory? (Example: knowledge of chess, of geometry, and of who the Dalai Lama, LeBron James, and Lady Gaga)

Answer 6

Semantic memory

Question 7

is a timetable in which a behavior is reinforced after a variable amount of time has elapsed. Pop quizzes

Answer 7

Variable-interval schedule

Question 8

small brain structure that uses input from the retina to synchronize its own rhythm with the daily cycle of light and dark. Output from the allows the hypothalamus to regulate daily rhythms such as temperature and hunger and the reticular formation to regulate daily rhythms of sleep and wakefulness. (type of nucleus)

Answer 8

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 9

reinforces the first behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed. If you take a class that has four scheduled exams, you might procrastinate most of the semester and cram just before each test

Answer 9

Fixed interval schedule

Question 10

a system in which behaviors are rewarded an average number of times but on an unpredictable basis

Answer 10

Variable-ratio schedule

Question 11

____ is a term used by scientist to describe the influences of multiple genes in behavior, that are passed down

Answer 11

Polygenic inheritance