Review #3

Question 1

explore the person’s ability to reason; to think about the past, present, and future; and to reflect on the self. type of psychologist…

Answer 1

Cognitive Psychologist

Question 2

is the outcome—the factor that can change in an experiment in response to changes in the independent variable. As researchers manipulate the independent variable, they measure the this variable for any resulting effect.

Answer 2

Dependent variable

Question 3

____ refers to the degree to which an experimental design really reflects the real-world (outside) issues it is supposed to address

Answer 3

External validity

Question 4

are the nerve cells that handle the information-processing function. The human brain contains about 100 billion of these.

Answer 4

Neurons

Question 5

located under the stomach, is a dual-purpose gland that performs both digestive and endocrine functions. The part of the this that serves endocrine functions produces a number of hormones, including insulin.

Answer 5

Pancreas

Question 6

An____ is a drug that mimics or increase a neurotransmitter’s effects, whereas an_____ is a drug that blocks a neurotransmitter’s effect

Answer 6

agonist; antagonist

Question 7

Manufacture the proteins that are necessary for maintaining life

Answer 7

Genes

Question 8

understanding the causes of behavior requires looking at the environmental factors that produce them.

Answer 8

behaviorist perspective

Question 9

is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others. (Example: natural power of snakes to evoke fear in many mammals)

Answer 9

Preparedness

Question 10

is a memory task in which the individual only has to identify (recognize) learned items, as on multiple-choice tests.

Answer 10

Recognition

Question 11

is a memory task in which the individual has to retrieve previously learned information, as on essay tests

Answer 11

Recall

Question 12

the conscious repetition of information. Information stored in short-term memory lasts half a minute or less without this. However, if this is not interrupted, information can be retained indefinitely.

Answer 12

Rehearsal

Question 13

refers to a prediction about the probability of an event based on the ease of recalling or imagining similar events. (first memory that pops up) For example, have you ever experienced a sudden fear of flying after hearing about an airplane crash?

Answer 13

availability heuristic

Question 14

The ability to manipulate objects and to be physically adept. Occupations: surgeon, craftsperson, dancer, athlete.

Answer 14

bodily-kinesthetic intelligence

Question 15

produces many solutions to the same problem. This thinking occurs during brainstorming, which occurs when a group of people openly throw out a range of possible solutions to a problem, even some that might seem crazy.

Answer 15

divergent thinking