Review #4

Question 1

demonstrated the essential importance of warm contact. Contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process. Who’s work established this?

Answer 1

Harry Harlow

Question 2

Self-regulation, inhibition, and negative affectivity are the dimensions of…

Answer 2

core dimensions of temperament in infants

Question 3

(7 to 11 years of age) involves using operations and replacing intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in absolute situations. Most children successfully acquire conversation skills during this stage of cognitive development

Answer 3

Concrete operational

Question 4

During toddlerhood (1½ to 3 years), children, many of whom are going through toilet training, experience the beginnings of self-control/without thinking about it. When these young children can experience control over their own behaviors, they develop the capacity for independence and confidence. This is the time when young children begin to say “no!” and assert themselves in interactions with others.

Answer 4

autonomy versus shame and guilt

Question 5

Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational, what development is this, and by who?cognitive development: Piaget’s stages

Answer 5

cognitive development: Piaget’s stages

Question 6

The individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then develops an increasingly personal moral code. . When a person can think deeply and reason beyond consequences or external codes (such as laws)

Answer 6

Postconventional

Question 7

is a person’s inner concept of themselves in relation to the ideas of being male, female, both, or neither. This can be the same or different from the sex one is assigned at birth and can be thought of as a continuum from female to male.

Answer 7

Gender Identity

Question 8

which involve expectations for how females and males should think, act, and feel. These represent beliefs about appropriate behavior for the sexes.

Answer 8

Gender roles

Question 9

The adolescent is actively exploring and trying on new roles but has not committed to a particular identity. For example, consider an adolescent who passionately throws himself into a variety of internship opportunities to see what different jobs might be like.

Answer 9

Identity moratorium

Question 10

Identity exploration, instability, Self-focus, Feeling “in between”, and The age of possibilities are all part of … and by who?

Answer 10

Emerging adulthood according to Jeffery Arnett

Question 11

This research shows that when reminded of their own death, people will endorse cultural beliefs more strongly, reject individuals who violate those beliefs, and seek to maintain or enhance their self-esteem.

Answer 11

Terror management theory

Ernest Becker (1971

Question 12

Charles Darwin stated that these are for human beings innate, not learned; are the same in all cultures around the world; and have evolved from the emotions of animals

Answer 12

CULTURE AND THE EXPRESSION OF EMOTION

Question 13

distinguishes between INTRINSIC motivation, doing something because you want to, and EXTRINSIC motivation, doing something for external rewards. Controversies of this theory is the extent to which the 3 orgasmic needs are universal (inner motivation)

Answer 13

Self Determination theory

Question 14

involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments. When we are this kind of motivated, we engage in a behavior for some external (outside) payoff or to avoid an external punishment.

Answer 14

Extrinsic Motivations

Question 15

Freud believed that the prime motive in human existence is the need for___. Karen Horney believed that the prime motive in human existence is the need for_____.

Answer 15

sex; security

Question 16

has fostered a scientific climate for understanding personality that highlights the observation of behavior. Approach is too concerned with change and situational influences on personality. It does not fully account for the enduring qualities of personality. What approach is this?

Answer 16

Cognitive approach

Question 17

According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as

Answer 17

reciprocal determinism

Question 18

is the harsh internal judge of our behavior. This is reflected in what we often call conscience and evaluates the morality of our behavior. Like the id, this does not consider reality; it considers only whether the id’s impulses can be satisfied in acceptable moral terms. (type of ego)

Answer 18

SuperEgo

Question 19

consists of unconscious drives and is the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy. This “it” is a pool of amoral and often vile urges pressing for expression

Answer 19

id

Question 20

refers to an individual’s behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding. For infants, this centers on their emotionality and ways of reacting to stimuli in the environment

Answer 20

Temperament

Question 21

Infancy (birth to 1½ years). At this stage, the helpless infant depends on caregivers to establish a sense that the world is a predictable and friendly place. Without a sense of this, the child lacks a firm foundation for social relationships.

Answer 21

Trust Vs Mistrust

Question 22

stage of cognitive development at 11 to 15 years of age. . Most importantly, this thinking includes thinking about things that are not concrete, making predictions, and using logic to come up with hypotheses about the future. (casual)

Answer 22

Formal Operational

Question 23

The____ is involved in stimulating eating

Answer 23

lateral hypothalamus

Question 24

Resilience, Recovery, Chronic dysfunction, and Delayed grief or trauma are from what & who?

Answer 24

Geroge Bonanno: Theory of Grieving