Review #4 Flashcards
demonstrated the essential importance of warm contact. Contact comfort is more important than feeding in the attachment process. Who’s work established this?
Harry Harlow
Self-regulation, inhibition, and negative affectivity are the dimensions of…
core dimensions of temperament in infants
(7 to 11 years of age) involves using operations and replacing intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning in absolute situations. Most children successfully acquire conversation skills during this stage of cognitive development
Concrete operational
During toddlerhood (1½ to 3 years), children, many of whom are going through toilet training, experience the beginnings of self-control/without thinking about it. When these young children can experience control over their own behaviors, they develop the capacity for independence and confidence. This is the time when young children begin to say “no!” and assert themselves in interactions with others.
autonomy versus shame and guilt
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational, what development is this, and by who?cognitive development: Piaget’s stages
cognitive development: Piaget’s stages
The individual recognizes alternative moral courses, explores the options, and then develops an increasingly personal moral code. . When a person can think deeply and reason beyond consequences or external codes (such as laws)
Postconventional
is a person’s inner concept of themselves in relation to the ideas of being male, female, both, or neither. This can be the same or different from the sex one is assigned at birth and can be thought of as a continuum from female to male.
Gender Identity
which involve expectations for how females and males should think, act, and feel. These represent beliefs about appropriate behavior for the sexes.
Gender roles
The adolescent is actively exploring and trying on new roles but has not committed to a particular identity. For example, consider an adolescent who passionately throws himself into a variety of internship opportunities to see what different jobs might be like.
Identity moratorium
Identity exploration, instability, Self-focus, Feeling “in between”, and The age of possibilities are all part of … and by who?
Emerging adulthood according to Jeffery Arnett
This research shows that when reminded of their own death, people will endorse cultural beliefs more strongly, reject individuals who violate those beliefs, and seek to maintain or enhance their self-esteem.
Terror management theory
Ernest Becker (1971
Charles Darwin stated that these are for human beings innate, not learned; are the same in all cultures around the world; and have evolved from the emotions of animals
CULTURE AND THE EXPRESSION OF EMOTION
distinguishes between INTRINSIC motivation, doing something because you want to, and EXTRINSIC motivation, doing something for external rewards. Controversies of this theory is the extent to which the 3 orgasmic needs are universal (inner motivation)
Self Determination theory
involves external incentives such as rewards and punishments. When we are this kind of motivated, we engage in a behavior for some external (outside) payoff or to avoid an external punishment.
Extrinsic Motivations
Freud believed that the prime motive in human existence is the need for___. Karen Horney believed that the prime motive in human existence is the need for_____.
sex; security
has fostered a scientific climate for understanding personality that highlights the observation of behavior. Approach is too concerned with change and situational influences on personality. It does not fully account for the enduring qualities of personality. What approach is this?
Cognitive approach
According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as
reciprocal determinism
is the harsh internal judge of our behavior. This is reflected in what we often call conscience and evaluates the morality of our behavior. Like the id, this does not consider reality; it considers only whether the id’s impulses can be satisfied in acceptable moral terms. (type of ego)
SuperEgo
consists of unconscious drives and is the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy. This “it” is a pool of amoral and often vile urges pressing for expression
id
refers to an individual’s behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding. For infants, this centers on their emotionality and ways of reacting to stimuli in the environment
Temperament
Infancy (birth to 1½ years). At this stage, the helpless infant depends on caregivers to establish a sense that the world is a predictable and friendly place. Without a sense of this, the child lacks a firm foundation for social relationships.
Trust Vs Mistrust
stage of cognitive development at 11 to 15 years of age. . Most importantly, this thinking includes thinking about things that are not concrete, making predictions, and using logic to come up with hypotheses about the future. (casual)
Formal Operational
The____ is involved in stimulating eating
lateral hypothalamus
Resilience, Recovery, Chronic dysfunction, and Delayed grief or trauma are from what & who?
Geroge Bonanno: Theory of Grieving
