Review #1 Flashcards
The ____ approach emphasizes a person’s positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose one’s destiny
Humanistic approach
A therapeutic approach based on searching out unconscious motives and drives. This approach emphasizes unconscious thought, the conflict between biological drives, such as the drive for sex, and society’s demands, and early childhood family experiences, positive or negative
Psychodynamic Perspective
A type of study that selects an individual, group, or special event for a detailed, in-depth analysis (Example: medical records, interviews, and observations). This research method supplies a great deal of data that may concern an unusual occurrence (short term memory trauma on brain damaged people) or little-known group of people.
Case Study
The ____ involves gaining knowledge by observing events, collecting data, and reasoning logically. This method is…
empirical method
Professor Izadi is interested in determining the association between sleep and cognitive performance. He surveyed his students about the number of hours they slept the night before an exam and then correlated these scores with their test grades. he found a +.81 correlation between these two variables. What does this result mean? (-.1, 0, .+1)
There is a High positive correlation between hours of sleep and exam performance
in an experiment this is as much like the experimental group as possible and is treated in every way like the experimental group except for that change (placebo effect). This group provides a comparison against which the researcher can test the effects of the independent variable.
Control Group
Which of the following research methods allow(s) researchers to determine causality?
a. Survey Method
b. experimental studies
c. observations
d. case study
Experimental studies
is a manipulated experimental factor. This variable is the variable that the experimenter changes to see what its effects are; it is a potential cause.
Independent Variable
Keeping the control and experimental group essentially equivalent. You don’t want to have the groups be of different age, gender or IQ levels-because one of these other factors could affect the results
Random Assignment to Condition
the placebo effect is an example of a what bias?
participant bias
According to the principle of ___, researchers are responsible for keeping all of the data they gather on individuals completely confidential and, when possible, completely anonymous
Confidentiality
Researchers usually should submit their findings to a journal for review by their colleagues, who make a decision about whether to publish the paper, depending on its scientific merit. This process is known as
peer review
means thinking reflectively and productively and evaluating the evidence. These thinkers grasp the deeper meaning of ideas, question assumptions, and evaluating evidence (decide for themselves what to believe or do)
critical thinking
The cell body contains the ___, which directs the manufacture of substances that a neuron needs for growth and maintenance
nucleus
The principle that underlies the technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) (long answer NOT one word)
It rest on the principle that mental activity is associated with changes in the oxygenated blood levels in the brain
mobilizes all body functions in response to stress or danger. (example: running away from danger)
sympathetic division/nervous system
It takes messages to and from the body’s internal organs, it controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. This system keeps the heart, lungs and digestive system always operating, without our conscious awareness or volition.
Autonomic Nervous System
Consisting of the brain and the spinal cord. The spinal cord though can response to incoming messages from sensory receptors, without the brain (EX: such as when you jerk your finger away from a hot burner) More than 99 percent of all our nerve cells are located here
Central Nervous System
Emma has recently started to suffer from migraine headaches and seizures, She also suffers from anxiety and depression. In the context of neurochemical messengers, what is the cause for symptoms?
too much glutamate
The ____ is sometimes referred to as the “ master gland” because almost all of its hormones direct the activity of target glands elsewhere, and is located where?
anterior pituitary gland
____ is a term used by scientist to describe the influences of multiple genes in behavior, that are passed down
Polygenic inheritance
is the individual’s observable characteristics, applies to both physical and psychological characteristics
Phenotype
is a person’s genetic heritage, his or her actual genetic material
Genotype
is the recognition that objects are constant and unchanging even though sensory input about them is changing.
Perceptual constancy
