Review For The Monthly Exam November

Question 0

is the idea that changes on Earth occurred by small steps over long periods of time:

Answer 0

Gradualism

Question 1

biological process by which species change over time:

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Theory about geological change which states that natural disasters shaped landforms and caused species to become extinct:

Answer 2

Catastrophism

Question 3

This theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time:

Answer 3

Uniformitarianism

Question 4

Botanist who developed a classification system for all organisms known at the time:

Answer 4

Carolis Linneaus

Question 5

discussed important ideas about relationships among organisms, sources of biological variation, and the possibility of evolution:

Answer 5

Georges Buffon

Question 6

Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 6

Charles Darwin

Question 7

presented evolution as occurring due to environmental change over long periods of time:

Answer 7

Jean-Baptiste Lamark

Question 8

is the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs:

Answer 8

Variation

Question 9

have a short neck and short legs, and live in areas with low vegetation:

Answer 9

Domed tortoises

Question 10

have a high shell edge, allowing them to stretch their long necks:

Answer 10

Saddle-backed tortoises

Question 11

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits:

Answer 11

Artificial selection

Question 12

is the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next:

Answer 12

Heritability

Question 13

is a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals:

Answer 13

Natural Selection

Question 14

is all the individuals of a species that live in an area:

Answer 14

Population

Question 15

Recall that during the Beagle expedition Darwin saw that Island plants and animals looked like but were not identical to species on the South American continent:

Answer 15

Geography

Question 16

A study proposing a relationship between crabs, which can walk, and barnacles, which are fixed in one place as adults, fascinated Darwin:

Answer 16

Embryology

Question 17

Some of Darwin’s best evidence came from comparing the body parts of different species:

Answer 17

Anatomy

Question 18

Sometimes a certain variation allows an individual to survive better than other individuals it competes against in its environment:

Answer 18

Adaptation

Question 19

Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations there are well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment:

Answer 19

Descent with modification

Question 20

Similarities among cell types across organisms can be revealed by comparing their proteins, a technique called molecular fingerprinting:

Answer 20

Protein comparisons

Question 21

the study of fossils or extinct organisms, continues to provide new information and support current hypotheses about how evolution occurs:

Answer 21

Paleontology

Question 22

Recall that the sequences of nucleotides in a gene change over time due mutations:

Answer 22

DNA sequence analysis

Question 23

While having many offspring raises the chance that some will survive, it also results in competition between offspring for resources.

Answer 23

Overproduction

Question 24

the study of the distribution of organisms around the world.

Answer 24

Biogeography

Question 25

is a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment

Answer 25

Adaptation

Question 26

Mention the four main principles of the theory of natural selection:

Answer 26

Variation, overproduction, adaptation and descent with modification.

Question 27

Are ones that cannot be used up, or can be replaced as fast:

Answer 27

Renewable resources

Question 28

Because we use them much faster than they form as they are used:

Answer 28

Nonrenewable resources

Question 29

The amount of land necessary to produce enough food, water, shelter and energy, and to hold the waste of an individual or a population:

Answer 29

Ecological footprint

Question 30

Two technological advancements that have contributed to population growth:

Answer 30

Medicine and developments in agriculture.

Question 31

The process by which they slow the loss of heat:

Answer 31

Greenhouse effect

Question 32

Barriers break a habitat into pieces

Answer 32

Habitat fragmentation

Question 33

Is any organism that was brought to an ecosystem as the result of human actions:

Answer 33

Introduced species

Question 34

Its a protection means a wide range of other species will also be protected.

Answer 34

Umbrellas species

Question 35

describes any undesirable factor, or pollutant, that is added to the air, water, or soil.

Answer 35

The pollution

Question 36

is a type of air pollution caused by the interaction of sunlight with pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions.

Answer 36

Smog

Question 37

is a type of precipitation produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to drop below normal levels.

Answer 37

Acid rain

Question 38

The process by which pollutants move up the food chain:

Answer 38

Biomagnification

Question 39

Is a practice in which natural resources are used and manged in a way that meets current needs and does not harm future generation:

Answer 39

Sustainable development

Question 40

Two technological advancements that have contributed to population growth:

Answer 40

Medical advances | Technologies

Question 41

One way scientists determine the health of an ecosystem is by studying particular organisms:

Answer 41

Indicator species

Question 42

Is any organism that was brought to an ecosystem as the result of human actions.

Answer 42

Introduced specie

Question 43

Resources that they are used faster than they form.

Answer 43

The nonrenewable resources

Question 44

that cannot be or can replenish themselves over time are called .

Answer 44

Renewable resources

Question 45

is a species that provides a sign, or indication, of the quality of the ecosystem’s environmental conditions.

Answer 45

An indicator specie

Question 46

Sustainable practices in the fishing industry:

Answer 46

Rotation of catches Fishing gear review Harvest reduction Fishing bans

Question 47

Three important environmental laws:

Answer 47

Endangered species act Clean air act Clean water act

Question 48

is a practice in which natural resources are used and managed in a way that meets current needs without hurting future generations.

Answer 48

Sustainable development

Question 49

is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.

Answer 49

Evolution

Question 50

is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can repro- duce and have fertile offspring.

Answer 50

Species

Question 51

The process by which pollutants move up the food chain:

Answer 51

biomagnification