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Biology 1 > Review For The Monthly Exam November > Flashcards

Review For The Monthly Exam November Flashcards

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0
Q

is the idea that changes on Earth occurred by small steps over long periods of time:

A

Gradualism

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1
Q

biological process by which species change over time:

A

Evolution

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2
Q

Theory about geological change which states that natural disasters shaped landforms and caused species to become extinct:

A

Catastrophism

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3
Q

This theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time:

A

Uniformitarianism

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4
Q

Botanist who developed a classification system for all organisms known at the time:

A

Carolis Linneaus

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5
Q

discussed important ideas about relationships among organisms, sources of biological variation, and the possibility of evolution:

A

Georges Buffon

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6
Q

Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

presented evolution as occurring due to environmental change over long periods of time:

A

Jean-Baptiste Lamark

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8
Q

is the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs:

A

Variation

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9
Q

have a short neck and short legs, and live in areas with low vegetation:

A

Domed tortoises

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10
Q

have a high shell edge, allowing them to stretch their long necks:

A

Saddle-backed tortoises

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11
Q

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits:

A

Artificial selection

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12
Q

is the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next:

A

Heritability

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13
Q

is a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals:

A

Natural Selection

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14
Q

is all the individuals of a species that live in an area:

A

Population

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15
Q

Recall that during the Beagle expedition Darwin saw that Island plants and animals looked like but were not identical to species on the South American continent:

A

Geography

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16
Q

A study proposing a relationship between crabs, which can walk, and barnacles, which are fixed in one place as adults, fascinated Darwin:

A

Embryology

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17
Q

Some of Darwin’s best evidence came from comparing the body parts of different species:

A

Anatomy

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18
Q

Sometimes a certain variation allows an individual to survive better than other individuals it competes against in its environment:

A

Adaptation

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19
Q

Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations there are well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment:

A

Descent with modification

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20
Q

Similarities among cell types across organisms can be revealed by comparing their proteins, a technique called molecular fingerprinting:

A

Protein comparisons

21
Q

the study of fossils or extinct organisms, continues to provide new information and support current hypotheses about how evolution occurs:

A

Paleontology

22
Q

Recall that the sequences of nucleotides in a gene change over time due mutations:

A

DNA sequence analysis

23
Q

While having many offspring raises the chance that some will survive, it also results in competition between offspring for resources.

A

Overproduction

24
Q

the study of the distribution of organisms around the world.

A

Biogeography

25
Q

is a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment

A

Adaptation

26
Q

Mention the four main principles of the theory of natural selection:

A

Variation, overproduction, adaptation and descent with modification.

27
Q

Are ones that cannot be used up, or can be replaced as fast:

A

Renewable resources

28
Q

Because we use them much faster than they form as they are used:

A

Nonrenewable resources

29
Q

The amount of land necessary to produce enough food, water, shelter and energy, and to hold the waste of an individual or a population:

A

Ecological footprint

30
Q

Two technological advancements that have contributed to population growth:

A

Medicine and developments in agriculture.

31
Q

The process by which they slow the loss of heat:

A

Greenhouse effect

32
Q

Barriers break a habitat into pieces

A

Habitat fragmentation

33
Q

Is any organism that was brought to an ecosystem as the result of human actions:

A

Introduced species

34
Q

Its a protection means a wide range of other species will also be protected.

A

Umbrellas species

35
Q

describes any undesirable factor, or pollutant, that is added to the air, water, or soil.

A

The pollution

36
Q

is a type of air pollution caused by the interaction of sunlight with pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions.

A

Smog

37
Q

is a type of precipitation produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to drop below normal levels.

A

Acid rain

38
Q

The process by which pollutants move up the food chain:

A

Biomagnification

39
Q

Is a practice in which natural resources are used and manged in a way that meets current needs and does not harm future generation:

A

Sustainable development

40
Q

Two technological advancements that have contributed to population growth:

A

Medical advances

Technologies

41
Q

One way scientists determine the health of an ecosystem is by studying particular organisms:

A

Indicator species

42
Q

Is any organism that was brought to an ecosystem as the result of human actions.

A

Introduced specie

43
Q

Resources that they are used faster than they form.

A

The nonrenewable resources

44
Q

that cannot be or can replenish themselves over time are called .

A

Renewable resources

45
Q

is a species that provides a sign, or indication, of the quality of the ecosystem’s environmental conditions.

A

An indicator specie

46
Q

Sustainable practices in the fishing industry:

A

Rotation of catches
Fishing gear review
Harvest reduction
Fishing bans

47
Q

Three important environmental laws:

A

Endangered species act
Clean air act
Clean water act

48
Q

is a practice in which natural resources are used and managed in a way that meets current needs without hurting future generations.

A

Sustainable development

49
Q

is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.

A

Evolution

50
Q

is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can repro- duce and have fertile offspring.

A

Species

51
Q

The process by which pollutants move up the food chain:

A

biomagnification

Biology 1 (9 decks)

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