Bimonthly Flashcards
is group of organism in a classification system
A taxon
is the science of naming and classifying organism
Taxonomy
is two-part scientific naming system
Binomial nomenclature
What was the problem of the Linnean system?
Because it was based on what you see not in the DNA.
What was the Linnean system?
It was classified in 7 groups: Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
includes one or more physically similar species that are thought to be closely related.
Genus
is the evolutionary history for a group of species.
Phylogeny
is an evolutionary tree made using cladistricts
Cladogram
is classification based on common ancestry.
Cladistics
is a group of species that shares a common ancestor.
Clade
represent the most common ancestor or clade.
A node
Why is DNA important for scientists?
DNA is considered by many scientists to have the “last word” when figuring out how related two species are to each other.
are models that use mutation rates to measure evolutionary time.
Molecular clocks
is DNA found only in ………. , the energy factories of cells.
Mitochondrial DNA
the RNA organelles that manufacture proteins in cells.
ribosomal RNA
What are the 6 classification kingdoms.
Animalia Plantae Protista Archaea Bacteria Fungi
What are the three domains in the tree of life?
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
(BAE)
is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors.
Evolution
is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can repro- duce and have fertile offspring.
Species
Species don’t become extinct but instead evolve into different forms in response to changes in the environment.
Buffon
More complex forms of life evolved from less complex forms.
Erasmus Darwin
Earth is more older than previously thought
Lammark
Organisms can be classified according their similarities
Linnaeus
are traces of organisms that existed in the past.
Fossils
is the idea that changes on Earth occurred by small steps over long periods of time
Gradualism
Theory about geological change which states that natural disasters shaped landforms and caused species to become extinct
Catastrophism
This theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time:
Uniformitarianism
The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits:
Artificial selection
is the ability of a trait to be passed down from one
generation to the next.
Heritability
is a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.
Natural selection
is all the individuals of a species that live in an area.
Population
is the difference in the physical traits of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs:
Variation
While having many offspring raises the chance that some will survive, it also results in competition between offspring for resources.
Overproduction
Sometimes a certain variation allows an individual to survive better than other individuals it competes against in its environment:
Adaptation
Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations there are well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment:
Descent with modification
is a measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment.
Fitness
describes any undesirable factor, or pollutant, that is added to the air, water, or soil.
Pollution
is a type of air pollution caused by the interaction of sunlight with pollutants produced by fossil fuel emissions.
Smog
are microscopic bits of dust, metal, and unburned fuel,that are produced by many different industrial processes.
Particulates
is a type of precipitation produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to drop below normal levels.
Acid rain
occurs when carbon dioxide, water, and methane mol- ecules absorb energy reradiated by Earth’s surface and slow the release of this energy from Earth’s atmosphere.
Greenhouse effect
The trend of increasing global temperatures
Global warming
One way scientists determine the health of an ecosystem is by studying particular organisms:
Indicator specie
The process by which pollutants move up the food chain:
Biomagnification
is a practice in which natural resources are used and managed in a way that meets current needs without hurting future generations.
Sustainable development
Is an specie that its protection means a wide range of other species will also be protected.
Umbrella specie
are traits shared in different degrees by clade members
Derived characters
