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Biology 1 > Review For The Bimonthly Exam > Flashcards

Review For The Bimonthly Exam Flashcards

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0
Q

is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring:

A

Species

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1
Q

is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors:

A

Evolution

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2
Q

Botanist who developed a classification system for all organisms known at the time:

A

Carolus Linneaus

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3
Q

discussed important ideas about relationships among organisms, sources of biological variation, and the possibility of evolution:

A

Georges Buffon

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4
Q

Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

A

Charles Darwin

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5
Q

presented evolution as occurring due to environmental change over long periods of time:

A

Jean-Baptiste Lammark

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6
Q

are traces of organisms that existed in the past:

A

Fossils

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7
Q

is the idea that changes on Earth occurred by small steps over long periods of time:

A

Gradualism

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8
Q

Theory about geological change which states that natural disasters shaped landforms and caused species to become extinct:

A

Catastrophism

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9
Q

This theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time:

A

Uniformitarianism

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10
Q

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits:

A

Artificial selection

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11
Q

is the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next:

A

Heritability

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12
Q

is a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals:

A

Natural selection

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13
Q

is all the individuals of a species that live in an area:

A

Population

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14
Q

The four main principles to the theory of natural selection:

A

variation, overproduction, adaptation, and descent with modification.

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15
Q

The heritable differences, or variations, that exist in every population are the basis for natural selection:

A

Variation

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16
Q

While having many offspring raises the chance that some will survive, it also results in competition between offspring for resources:

A

Overproduction

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17
Q

Sometimes a certain variation allows an individual to survive better than other individuals it competes against in its environment:

A

Adaptation

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18
Q

Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations that are well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment:

A

Descent with modification

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19
Q

is a measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment:

A

Fitness

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20
Q

is the addition of any undesirable material to the air, water, or soil:

A

Pollution

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21
Q

is a type of air pollution that forms from the waste products of burned gas, coal, and oil:

A

Smog

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22
Q

One component of smog:

A

Particulates

23
Q

is produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause the pH of rain to drop below normal:

A

Acid rain

24
Q

is a natural part of Earth’s atmosphere:

A

Carbon dioxide

25
Q

These gases are called greenhouse gases, and the process by which they slow the loss of heat:

A

Greenhouse effect

26
Q

The trend of increasing global temperatures:

A

Global warming

27
Q

One way scientists determine the health of an ecosystem is by studying particular organisms:

A

Indicator species

28
Q

is the process by which pollutants move up the food chain:

A

Biomagnification

29
Q

Order of biomagnification:

A
  • herring gull eggs
  • lake trout
  • smelt
  • zooplankton
  • phytoplankton
30
Q

is a practice in which natural resources are used and managed in a way that meets current needs and does not harm future generations:

A

Sustainable development

31
Q

The species that is legally protected:

A

Umbrella species

32
Q

is a protected mammal that lives in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean along the southeastern coast of the United States:

A

The manatee

33
Q

is the science of naming and classifying organisms:

A

Taxonomy

34
Q

A group of organisms in a classification system:

A

Taxon

35
Q

is a system that gives each species a two-part scientific name using Latin words:

A

Bionomial nomenclature

36
Q

includes one or more species that are thought to be closely related:

A

Genus

37
Q

The Linnaean system of classification has seven levels:

A 
kingdom
phylum 
class 
order 
family 
genus 
species
38
Q

The evolutionary history for a group of species:

A

Phylogeny

39
Q

is classification based on evolutionary relationships, or common ancestry:

A

Cladistics

40
Q

is an evolutionary tree that suggests how species may be related:

A

Cladogram

41
Q

are traits that are shared by some species but not by others:

A

Derived characters

42
Q

is a group of species that shares a common ancestor:

A

Clade

43
Q

What is the problem with the Linnean system?

A

It was base in what you see

44
Q

represents the most recent common ancestor of all the species above this point—amphibians,mammals,reptiles,and birds:

A

Node

45
Q

is a model that uses mutation rates to measure evolutionary time:

A

Molecular clock

46
Q

has a mutation rate that is faster than nuclear DNA:

A

Mitochondrial DNA

47
Q

has regions that have a very slow mutation rate:

A

Ribosomal RNA

48
Q

is a model that shows the most current understanding of how all living things are related:

A

The tree of life

49
Q

Said the six kingdoms:

A 
Plantae
Animalia
Protista
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
50
Q

What is the kingdom of the domain bacteria?

A

Kingdom:bacteria

51
Q

What is the kingdom of the domain archaea?

A

Kingdom:archaea

52
Q

What is the kingdom of the domain Eukarya?

A

Kingdoms:Protista,,plantae, fungi, animalia

53
Q

includes the single-celled prokaryotes in the kingdom Bacteria:

A

Bacteria

54
Q

contains single-celled prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea:

A

Archaea

55
Q

is made up of all organisms with eukaryotic cells:

A

Eukarya

Biology 1 (9 decks)

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