Review For The Bimonthly Exam

Question 0

is a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring:

Answer 0

Species

Question 1

is the process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors:

Answer 1

Evolution

Question 2

Botanist who developed a classification system for all organisms known at the time:

Answer 2

Carolus Linneaus

Question 3

discussed important ideas about relationships among organisms, sources of biological variation, and the possibility of evolution:

Answer 3

Georges Buffon

Question 4

Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

Answer 4

Charles Darwin

Question 5

presented evolution as occurring due to environmental change over long periods of time:

Answer 5

Jean-Baptiste Lammark

Question 6

are traces of organisms that existed in the past:

Answer 6

Fossils

Question 7

is the idea that changes on Earth occurred by small steps over long periods of time:

Answer 7

Gradualism

Question 8

Theory about geological change which states that natural disasters shaped landforms and caused species to become extinct:

Answer 8

Catastrophism

Question 9

This theory states that the geologic processes that shape Earth are uniform through time:

Answer 9

Uniformitarianism

Question 10

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits:

Answer 10

Artificial selection

Question 11

is the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next:

Answer 11

Heritability

Question 12

is a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals:

Answer 12

Natural selection

Question 13

is all the individuals of a species that live in an area:

Answer 13

Population

Question 14

The four main principles to the theory of natural selection:

Answer 14

variation, overproduction, adaptation, and descent with modification.

Question 15

The heritable differences, or variations, that exist in every population are the basis for natural selection:

Answer 15

Variation

Question 16

While having many offspring raises the chance that some will survive, it also results in competition between offspring for resources:

Answer 16

Overproduction

Question 17

Sometimes a certain variation allows an individual to survive better than other individuals it competes against in its environment:

Answer 17

Adaptation

Question 18

Over time, natural selection will result in species with adaptations that are well suited for survival and reproduction in an environment:

Answer 18

Descent with modification

Question 19

is a measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population in a given environment:

Answer 19

Fitness

Question 20

is the addition of any undesirable material to the air, water, or soil:

Answer 20

Pollution

Question 21

is a type of air pollution that forms from the waste products of burned gas, coal, and oil:

Answer 21

Smog

Question 22

One component of smog:

Answer 22

Particulates

Question 23

is produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause the pH of rain to drop below normal:

Answer 23

Acid rain

Question 24

is a natural part of Earth’s atmosphere:

Answer 24

Carbon dioxide

Question 25

These gases are called greenhouse gases, and the process by which they slow the loss of heat:

Answer 25

Greenhouse effect

Question 26

The trend of increasing global temperatures:

Answer 26

Global warming

Question 27

One way scientists determine the health of an ecosystem is by studying particular organisms:

Answer 27

Indicator species

Question 28

is the process by which pollutants move up the food chain:

Answer 28

Biomagnification

Question 29

Order of biomagnification:

Answer 29

- herring gull eggs - lake trout - smelt - zooplankton - phytoplankton

Question 30

is a practice in which natural resources are used and managed in a way that meets current needs and does not harm future generations:

Answer 30

Sustainable development

Question 31

The species that is legally protected:

Answer 31

Umbrella species

Question 32

is a protected mammal that lives in the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean along the southeastern coast of the United States:

Answer 32

The manatee

Question 33

is the science of naming and classifying organisms:

Answer 33

Taxonomy

Question 34

A group of organisms in a classification system:

Answer 34

Taxon

Question 35

is a system that gives each species a two-part scientific name using Latin words:

Answer 35

Bionomial nomenclature

Question 36

includes one or more species that are thought to be closely related:

Answer 36

Genus

Question 37

The Linnaean system of classification has seven levels:

Answer 37

``` kingdom phylum class order family genus species ```

Question 38

The evolutionary history for a group of species:

Answer 38

Phylogeny

Question 39

is classification based on evolutionary relationships, or common ancestry:

Answer 39

Cladistics

Question 40

is an evolutionary tree that suggests how species may be related:

Answer 40

Cladogram

Question 41

are traits that are shared by some species but not by others:

Answer 41

Derived characters

Question 42

is a group of species that shares a common ancestor:

Answer 42

Clade

Question 43

What is the problem with the Linnean system?

Answer 43

It was base in what you see

Question 44

represents the most recent common ancestor of all the species above this point—amphibians,mammals,reptiles,and birds:

Answer 44

Node

Question 45

is a model that uses mutation rates to measure evolutionary time:

Answer 45

Molecular clock

Question 46

has a mutation rate that is faster than nuclear DNA:

Answer 46

Mitochondrial DNA

Question 47

has regions that have a very slow mutation rate:

Answer 47

Ribosomal RNA

Question 48

is a model that shows the most current understanding of how all living things are related:

Answer 48

The tree of life

Question 49

Said the six kingdoms:

Answer 49

``` Plantae Animalia Protista Bacteria Archaea Fungi ```

Question 50

What is the kingdom of the domain bacteria?

Answer 50

Kingdom:bacteria

Question 51

What is the kingdom of the domain archaea?

Answer 51

Kingdom:archaea

Question 52

What is the kingdom of the domain Eukarya?

Answer 52

Kingdoms:Protista,,plantae, fungi, animalia

Question 53

includes the single-celled prokaryotes in the kingdom Bacteria:

Answer 53

Bacteria

Question 54

contains single-celled prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea:

Answer 54

Archaea

Question 55

is made up of all organisms with eukaryotic cells:

Answer 55

Eukarya