Review for Exam 3 - Respiration

Question 1

redox reactions

Answer 1

oxidation-reduction reactions = electron transfers

Question 2

substrate level phosphorylation

Answer 2

• synthesis of ATP by the direct transfer of a high-energy phosphate group to ADP
• enzymes known as kinases makes it happen
• only process to generate ATP in anaerobic fermentation

Question 3

reducing agent

Answer 3

the electron donor

NADH –> donates e-

Question 4

oxidizing agent

Answer 4

the electron acceptor

NAD+ –> accepts e-

Question 5

to be oxidized

Answer 5

lose an electron OR gain of oxygen

Question 6

to be reduced

Answer 6

gain an electron OR loss of oxygen

Question 7

where does Glycolysis take place?

Answer 7

cytoplasm of cell

Question 8

where does Acetyl CoA formation take place?

Answer 8

mitochondria

Question 9

where does Krebs Cycle take place?

Answer 9

primarily in the matrix of mitochondria

Question 10

where does Oxidative Phosphorylation take place?

Answer 10

inner membrane of mitochondria

- generation of H+ to synthesize ATP

Question 11

important electron carriers

Answer 11

NAD+ —> NADH

• 3 ATP produced/NADH
• can carry 2 e- and 1 proton

FAD —> FADH2

• 2 ATPs produced/FAD
• can carry 2 e- and 2 protons

Question 12

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 12

major aerobic process to generate ATPs for cellular energy
- occurs in inner membrane of mitochodria
(in prokaryotes = plasma membrane)

Question 13

OIL RIG

Answer 13

oxidation is loss

reduction is gain

Question 14

how many ATPs made/glucose in

1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 14

1. 2
2. 2
3. 32-34

Question 15

substrate level phosphorylation vs. oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 15

Common:

• both make ATP
• both occur in mitochondria

Differences:
oxidative - only aerobic
- multiple steps
- ETC and ATP synthase in inner membrane of mitochondria

substrate level - occurs in glycolysis

• aerobic AND anaerobic
• single step
• kinase is used

Question 16

1st committed step of Glycolysis is catalyzed by

Answer 16

hexokinase

Question 17

key regulatory (rate limiting) enzyme in glycolysis

Answer 17

PFK - phosphofructokinase (phosphorylates a Fructose-6 to make ATP)
inhibited by = high levels of ATP and citrate
stimulated by = high levels of ADP or AMP (cell needs ATP)

Question 18

1st committed product of the Kreb’s cycle

Answer 18

citrate

Question 19

rate limiting enzyme in Kreb’s cycle

Answer 19

isocitrate dehydrogenase
inhibited by = high levels of NADH and ATP
stimulated by = ADP

Question 20

inputs & outputs of:

alcohol fermentation

Answer 20

inputs:
- glucose
- 2 ADP
- 2 Pi

outputs:

• 2 ethanol
• 2 CO2
• 2 ATP

Question 21

inputs & outputs of:

lactic acid fermentation

Answer 21

inputs:

• glucose
• 2 ADP
• 2 Pi

outputs:

• 2 lactate
• 2 ATP