Final Exam - RNA - translation & transcription Flashcards

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1
Q

How is RNA processed in eukaryotic cells (after transcription)?

A
  1. Capping - phosphates from GTP are placed on 5’ end
  2. Poly A tail - 200-300 adenines are placed on 3’ end
  3. Splicing - introns (don’t code for protein) are removed and exons (expressed regions coding for a protein) are joined together. Splicing occurs in SPLICESOMES, which are made up of SNURPS (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins)
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2
Q

Point mutations

A

mis-sense mutation: if the point mutation results in a different amino acid (GGC –> GAC results in glycine to aspartate substitution

non-sense mutation: if the change results in a stop codon (UAA, UAG or UGA)

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3
Q

Insertion or Deletion mutation

A

frameshift mutation: if one or more bases are inserted or deleted from the coding sequence
has the worst possible effects on protein sequence and function

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4
Q

Inversion or translocation mutation

A

inversion: results from flipping the order of genes (ABC becomes CBA)
translocation: involves moving a part of chromosome from one place to another or to a different chromosome

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5
Q

definition of gene

A

a DNA sequence that codes for a specific polypeptide chain

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