Review - Circulatory System

Question 1

Circulatory System Functions

Answer 1

• transport: oxygen, nutrients, carbon dioxide, waste, hormones
• distributes heat
• keeps pH and osmotic balance optimal
• prevents blood loss
• facilitates wound healing
• defense against disease

Question 2

Heart

Answer 2

• located in mediastinum region
• in thorax between lungs
• rests on diaphragm

Question 3

Pericardium

Answer 3

• serous fluid-filled fibrous sac
• anchors heart to other structures
• lubricates heart for movement
• prevents heart from overfilling

Question 4

Cardiac Wall

Answer 4

• epicardium: outer layer
• myocardium: cardiac muscle; contracts
• endocardium: inner lining

Question 5

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 5

• involuntary
• striated, branched, and short cells with intercalated discs
• enables rapid transmission of electrical impulses between cells

Question 6

4 heart chambers and functions

Answer 6

• right atrium: receives deoxygenated blood from body and heart
• right ventricle: pushes deoxygenated blood to lungs
• left atrium: receives oxygenated blood from lungs
• left ventricle: receives oxygenated blood to the body

Question 7

4 major heart vessels and functions

Answer 7

• vena cava: receives deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium
• pulmonary trunk: receives deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs
• aorta: receives oxygenated blood from left ventricle
• pulmonary veins: receive oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium

Question 8

Function of valves

Answer 8

-ensure one way flow because they only open in one direction

Question 9

Coronary vessels

Answer 9

-supply blood to heart and deliver oxygenated blood to heart muscle

Question 10

coronary arteries

Answer 10

-feed heart muscle

Question 11

coronary veins

Answer 11

-drain directly into right atrium via coronary sinus

Question 12

3 types of blood vessels

Answer 12

• arteries
• capillaries
• veins

Question 13

arteries

Answer 13

• thicker walls
• carry blood away from the heart
• usually high in oxygen EXCEPT in pulmonary artery

Question 14

veins

Answer 14

• return blood to heart

- usually low in oxygen EXCEPT in pulmonary vein

Question 15

capillaries

Answer 15

• smallest blood vessel
• bring oxygen and nutrients to surrounding tissues
• pick up gas and wastes

Question 16

anastomoses

Answer 16

• networks on interconnected blood vessels
• provide alternative pathways for circulation if one is damaged or blocked
• around joints and in GI