Lab 8 (Unit 3) Flashcards
1
Q
CNS
A
- brain and spinal cord
- nerve tissue, blood vessels, and connective tissue
- responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory data and motor commands
- where higher functions occur
2
Q
PNS
A
- all neural tissue outside of CNS, includes ganglia
- links all regions of body to CNS
- delivers sensory information and carries motor commands to peripheral tissues and systmes
3
Q
Somatic Sensory
A
- free nerve endings in almost all body tissues
- receptors for touch, pain, pressure, vibration, and temperature
- also proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs
- special somatic = vision, hearing, and balance
4
Q
Somatic motor
A
- voluntary nervous system
- contraction of skeletal muscles
5
Q
Brain and SC grey matter
A
- unmyelinated regions of CNS
- composed of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and glia
- synapse are here
6
Q
Brain and SC white matter
A
- myelinated regions of CNS
- composed of axons and glia
- bundles of axons are nerve tracts
7
Q
Nerve
A
- collection of axons in PNS
- axons arranged in parallel and wrapped in connective tissue
- can contain myelinated or unmyelinated, sensory or motor axons
8
Q
Protecting the brain
A
- meninges= membranes that surround and protect the brain
- cerebrospinal fluid = cushions the brain
- blood brain barrier = protects brain from exposure to toxins
9
Q
Dural sinuses
A
- widenings between periosteal layer and meningeal layer of dura mater
- receive blood from brain and return it to internal jugular veins
10
Q
Dura mater
A
- outer most layer
- two layers of dense fibrous connective tissue with dural sinuses inside
11
Q
Arachnoid mater
A
- deep to dura
- contains subdural space that can fill with fluid of blood due to trauma or disease
12
Q
Arachnoid granulations (vili)
A
- project through dura mater into superior sagittal sinus
- act as one way valves to control passage of CSF into sinuses
13
Q
Subarachnoid space
A
- weblike threads attach arachnoid to pia mater
- filled with CSF
14
Q
Pia mater
A
- inner most layer
- follows the curves of the brain
- very delicate
- lots of blood vessels
15
Q
Cerebrospinal fluid
A
- fills subarachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of spinal cord
- protects and nourishes neural tissue
- prevents crushing
- made in choroid plexuses
- flows through subarachnoid space
- absorbed into dural sinuses
16
Q
Ventricles
A
- lateral ventricles most superior
- third ventricle connects to lateral ventricles via inter-ventricular foramen
- cerebral aquaduct connects third and fourth ventricles
- fourth ventricle connects to central canal of spinal cord
17
Q
Spinal cord functions
A
- sensory and motor innervation of body
- two way conduction pathway for signals between body and brain
- major center for reflexes
18
Q
conus medullaris
A
inferior end of actual spinal cord
19
Q
cauda equina
A
nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal
20
Q
filum terminale
A
long filament that extends past conus medullaris and attaches to coccyx
21
Q
dorsal horns
A
-posterior arms of H
22
Q
ventral horns
A
- anterior arms of H
- contain neurons of spinal cord
23
Q
Spinal cord make up
A
- protected by bone, meninges, and CSP
- dura mater = spinal dural sheath
- epidural spaced filled with fat and veins
- denticulate ligaments anchor spinal cord to dura mater
24
Q
4 main parts of the brain
A
- cerebrum
- diencephalon
- cerebellum
- brain stem
25
gyri
ridges of brain tissue
26
sulci
groves
27
Cerebrum function
-intelligence and complex thinking
28
cerebrum sensory areas
conscious awareness of sensation
29
cerebrum association areas
integrate information
30
cerebrum motor areas
voluntary motor functions
31
Primary somatosensory cortex
in post central gyrus of parietal lobe
32
primary auditory cortex
temporal lobe
33
primary visual cortex
occipital lobe
34
primary motor cortex
pre-central gyrus of frontal lobe
35
brocas area
- left frontal lobe
| - controls motor movements necessary for speaking
36
wernickes area
- located in left hemisphere, overlapping parietal and temporal lobes
- association area: allows for recognition and comprehension of speech
37
White matter of cerebrum
- bundles of axons cross from one hemisphere to another and connect the two so they can function as one
- corpus callosum: largest, most visible band of axons connecting the hemispheres
38
Diencephalon
- surrounded by cerebral hemispheres
- contains 3rd ventricle
- lateral walls = thalamus
- floor = hypothalamus
39
Thalamus
- lateral walls of the 3rd ventricle
- gateway to cerebral cortex
- any part of the brain that communicates with the cerebral cortex must go through the thalamus
40
Hypothalamus
- controls autonomic NS
- regulates body temperature
- regulates hunger/thirst
- regulates sleep/wake cycle
- controls endocrine system
- controls emotions responses
- controls motivations behavior
- formation of memory
41
Brainstem: pons and midbrain
- midbrain: located between diencephalon and pons
| - pons:located between midbrain and medulla
42
Brainstem: medulla oblongata
- most caudal part of brainstem
- continuous with spinal cord
- pyramids carry voluntary motor output from cerebrum to brainstem
- most fibers cross over to opposite side of brain in medulla = why left brain controls right side of body and visa versa
43
Cerebellum
- makes up 11% of mass of brain
- coordinates body movements, helps maintain posture, and equilibrium
- 2 hemispheres connected be vermis
- folia = leaflike folds that increase surface area
- outer cortex = gray mater
- arbor vitae = white mater
