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Anatomy > Lab 8 (Unit 3) > Flashcards

Lab 8 (Unit 3) Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A
  • brain and spinal cord
  • nerve tissue, blood vessels, and connective tissue
  • responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory data and motor commands
  • where higher functions occur
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2
Q

PNS

A
  • all neural tissue outside of CNS, includes ganglia
  • links all regions of body to CNS
  • delivers sensory information and carries motor commands to peripheral tissues and systmes
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3
Q

Somatic Sensory

A
  • free nerve endings in almost all body tissues
  • receptors for touch, pain, pressure, vibration, and temperature
  • also proprioception in skin, body wall, and limbs
  • special somatic = vision, hearing, and balance
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4
Q

Somatic motor

A
  • voluntary nervous system

- contraction of skeletal muscles

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5
Q

Brain and SC grey matter

A
  • unmyelinated regions of CNS
  • composed of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and glia
  • synapse are here
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6
Q

Brain and SC white matter

A
  • myelinated regions of CNS
  • composed of axons and glia
  • bundles of axons are nerve tracts
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7
Q

Nerve

A
  • collection of axons in PNS
  • axons arranged in parallel and wrapped in connective tissue
  • can contain myelinated or unmyelinated, sensory or motor axons
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8
Q

Protecting the brain

A
  • meninges= membranes that surround and protect the brain
  • cerebrospinal fluid = cushions the brain
  • blood brain barrier = protects brain from exposure to toxins
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9
Q

Dural sinuses

A
  • widenings between periosteal layer and meningeal layer of dura mater
  • receive blood from brain and return it to internal jugular veins
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10
Q

Dura mater

A
  • outer most layer

- two layers of dense fibrous connective tissue with dural sinuses inside

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11
Q

Arachnoid mater

A
  • deep to dura

- contains subdural space that can fill with fluid of blood due to trauma or disease

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12
Q

Arachnoid granulations (vili)

A
  • project through dura mater into superior sagittal sinus

- act as one way valves to control passage of CSF into sinuses

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13
Q

Subarachnoid space

A
  • weblike threads attach arachnoid to pia mater

- filled with CSF

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14
Q

Pia mater

A
  • inner most layer
  • follows the curves of the brain
  • very delicate
  • lots of blood vessels
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15
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • fills subarachnoid space, ventricles, and central canal of spinal cord
  • protects and nourishes neural tissue
  • prevents crushing
  • made in choroid plexuses
  • flows through subarachnoid space
  • absorbed into dural sinuses
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16
Q

Ventricles

A
  • lateral ventricles most superior
  • third ventricle connects to lateral ventricles via inter-ventricular foramen
  • cerebral aquaduct connects third and fourth ventricles
  • fourth ventricle connects to central canal of spinal cord
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17
Q

Spinal cord functions

A
  • sensory and motor innervation of body
  • two way conduction pathway for signals between body and brain
  • major center for reflexes
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18
Q

conus medullaris

A

inferior end of actual spinal cord

19
Q

cauda equina

A

nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal

20
Q

filum terminale

A

long filament that extends past conus medullaris and attaches to coccyx

21
Q

dorsal horns

A

-posterior arms of H

22
Q

ventral horns

A
  • anterior arms of H

- contain neurons of spinal cord

23
Q

Spinal cord make up

A
  • protected by bone, meninges, and CSP
  • dura mater = spinal dural sheath
  • epidural spaced filled with fat and veins
  • denticulate ligaments anchor spinal cord to dura mater
24
Q

4 main parts of the brain

A
  • cerebrum
  • diencephalon
  • cerebellum
  • brain stem
25
Q

gyri

A

ridges of brain tissue

26
Q

sulci

A

groves

27
Q

Cerebrum function

A

-intelligence and complex thinking

28
Q

cerebrum sensory areas

A

conscious awareness of sensation

29
Q

cerebrum association areas

A

integrate information

30
Q

cerebrum motor areas

A

voluntary motor functions

31
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

in post central gyrus of parietal lobe

32
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

temporal lobe

33
Q

primary visual cortex

A

occipital lobe

34
Q

primary motor cortex

A

pre-central gyrus of frontal lobe

35
Q

brocas area

A
  • left frontal lobe

- controls motor movements necessary for speaking

36
Q

wernickes area

A
  • located in left hemisphere, overlapping parietal and temporal lobes
  • association area: allows for recognition and comprehension of speech
37
Q

White matter of cerebrum

A
  • bundles of axons cross from one hemisphere to another and connect the two so they can function as one
  • corpus callosum: largest, most visible band of axons connecting the hemispheres
38
Q

Diencephalon

A
  • surrounded by cerebral hemispheres
  • contains 3rd ventricle
  • lateral walls = thalamus
  • floor = hypothalamus
39
Q

Thalamus

A
  • lateral walls of the 3rd ventricle
  • gateway to cerebral cortex
  • any part of the brain that communicates with the cerebral cortex must go through the thalamus
40
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • controls autonomic NS
  • regulates body temperature
  • regulates hunger/thirst
  • regulates sleep/wake cycle
  • controls endocrine system
  • controls emotions responses
  • controls motivations behavior
  • formation of memory
41
Q

Brainstem: pons and midbrain

A
  • midbrain: located between diencephalon and pons

- pons:located between midbrain and medulla

42
Q

Brainstem: medulla oblongata

A
  • most caudal part of brainstem
  • continuous with spinal cord
  • pyramids carry voluntary motor output from cerebrum to brainstem
  • most fibers cross over to opposite side of brain in medulla = why left brain controls right side of body and visa versa
43
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • makes up 11% of mass of brain
  • coordinates body movements, helps maintain posture, and equilibrium
  • 2 hemispheres connected be vermis
  • folia = leaflike folds that increase surface area
  • outer cortex = gray mater
  • arbor vitae = white mater

Anatomy (10 decks)

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