Lab 9 (Unit 3)

Question 1

What is the epidermis made of?

Answer 1

• stratified squamous epithelium
• avascular
• regenerates ever 35-45 days
• 4 or 5 cell layers

Question 2

What are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

Answer 2

• stratum corneum
• stratum lucidum
• stratum granulosum
• stratum spinosum
• stratum basale

Question 3

keratinization

Answer 3

• process by which cells contents are replaced with keratin

- these cells are dead but strong

Question 4

Dermis

Answer 4

• underlies epidermis
• strong, flexible connective tissue
• highly vascularized
• innervated
• 2 layers: papillary and reticular

Question 5

Papillary layer

Answer 5

• superficial
• areolar connective tissue
• provides nutrients to epidermis
• dermal papillae increase surface area for transport of materials into epidermis

Question 6

Reticular layer

Answer 6

• deep
• mostly dense irregular
• network of collagen and elastic fibers provide stretch and strength

Question 7

Hair

Answer 7

-comprised of keratinized cells

Question 8

Hair follicle

Answer 8

• generates the cells forming hair

- located in dermis

Question 9

Arrector pili muscle

Answer 9

• raises hair
• causes goosebumps
• located in the dermis

Question 10

Mercorine sweat glands

Answer 10

• sweat in response to heat or stress
• opens onto surface of the skin
• 99% water and 1% salts/wastes
• acidic to help prevent bacteria growth

Question 11

Apocrine sweat glands

Answer 11

• responsible for body odor
• open onto hair follicles
• produces lipids and proteins
• found in armpits and groin

Question 12

Hypodermis

Answer 12

• supports skin
• made of areolar and adipose loose connective tissue
• allows movement of skin over muscle and bones

Question 13

Breakdown of spinal nerves

Answer 13

• 8 cervical: named for vertebra directly below
• 12 thoracic
• 5 lumbar
• 5 sacral
• 1 coccygeal
• all other nerves are named for vertebrae directly above

Question 14

Ventral roots

Answer 14

• motor axons only

- motor neuron cell bodies are in ventral horn

Question 15

Dorsal roots

Answer 15

• sensory axons only

- sensory axon cell bodies are in dorsal root ganglion

Question 16

Spinal nerves: rami

Answer 16

• spinal nerves travel through intervertebral foramen then splits into dorsal and ventral rami
• ventral rami: form plexuses
• dorsal rami: innervate small strip of back

Question 17

Axillary nerve

Answer 17

• sensory: shoulder joint and skin on part of deltoid

- motor: teres minor and deltoid

Question 18

Radial nerve

Answer 18

• sensory: skin over dorso-lateral arm, forearm, and hand

- motor: posterior compartment of arm and forearm

Question 19

Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 19

• sensory: skin sensation for lateral forearm

- motor: anterior part of arm

Question 20

Median nerve

Answer 20

• sensory: skin of lateral palm and digits 1-3 and lateral side of 4
• motor: anterior compartment of forearm, intrinsic muscles

Question 21

Ulnar nerve

Answer 21

• sensory: skin of medial hand, medial digit 4, all of 5

- motor: flexors and intrinsic hand muscles

Question 22

Fermoral nerve

Answer 22

• sensory: skin of antero-medial thigh and skin of medial leg and foot
• motor: muscles of anterior thigh, thigh flexors and leg extensors

Question 23

Obturator nerve

Answer 23

• sensory: skin of medial thigh

- motor: muscles of medial thigh, adductors

Question 24

pudendal nerve

Answer 24

• sensory: skin of external genitalia

- motor: muscles of perineum, external and internal sphincter, external urethral sphincter

Question 25

Tibial nerve

Answer 25

• sensory: skin of postero-lateral leg and skin of sole of foot
• motor: muscles of posterior thigh and posterior leg

Question 26

Common fibular nerve

Answer 26

• sensory: skin of antero-lateral leg and dorsum of foot

- motor: muscles of anterior leg and muscles of lateral leg