Review Chapter Flashcards
1
Q
sociological theories
A
- structural functionalism
- critical theories
- symbolic interactionism
2
Q
structural functionalism theory
A
- refers to the way different parts of a society are organized to maintain societal stability
- grew from work of emile durkheim
3
Q
emile durkheim
A
- lack of social integration/social cohesion/connection
- lack of collective moral regulation
- anomie
- secularization
4
Q
anomie
A
social instability resulting from a breakdown of standards and values
5
Q
secularization
A
- moving away from religion
- e.g. canada is a secular country vs. iran where everything is determined based on religious script
6
Q
2 parts of critical theories
A
- conflict theory
- feminist sociology
7
Q
conflict theory
A
- views society as an arena of continual struggle between groups competing for resources and power
- society is not stable and inherently unequal
- asserts that some groups have privileged access to resources and power
- associated with karl marx
8
Q
Karl marx
A
- witnessed exploitation of proletariat by capitalists (bourgeoisie) during industrial revolution
- believed that capitalism was alienating; capitalism alienated people from each other and from the products of their labour
9
Q
neoliberalism
A
current political philosophy; emphasizes privatization, deregulation, reduction of welfare state through reduction in programs and lowering of taxes
10
Q
feminist sociology
A
- extends conflict theory to inequality between the sexes
- gathered significant strength after 1970s
11
Q
dorothy smith (1962)
A
- canadian sociologist and feminist theorist
- critical absence of women’s voices/experiences in sociology
- emphasized the importance of understanding the ‘lived experience’
- standpoint theory
12
Q
standpoint theory
A
- individuals view/experience society from different social locations depending on their past experiences and their status and position
- e.g. experiences of a 20 year old woman vs. 40 year old woman
13
Q
intersectionality
A
- theoretical approach that examines the interlocking nature of social identity categories (such as ethnicity, class, and gender) that creates more complex, interdependent systems of oppression and marginalization
- intersectionality approach increasingly applied in inequality studies owing to its introduction during the 3rd wave of feminism in 1990s
14
Q
Kimberly crenshaw on intersectionality
A
- 1st to coin the term
- e.g. degraffenreid v general motors
15
Q
symbolic interactionism
A
- use of everyday forms of social interaction to explain society as a whole
- people’s actions in each situation can be understood only by first understanding the meaning they ascribe to that situation
- George Herbert Mead regarded as founder of interactionism
16
Q
max weber
A
Verstehen (German = to understand) need to see the world as [the group being studied] sees it
17
Q
george mead
A
the better socialized we are the better we are at ‘taking the role of the other’
18
Q
social constructionism
A
- a variant of symbolic interactionism
- suggests that many features of social life which are assumed to be natural/innate are instead the result of social processes
- constructionists analyze the social processes (e.g., socialization) which contribute to social order and constraint/enable interactions
