Review cards Flashcards
Sarcomere
functional unit of myofibril
Cerebrum
five lobes making up two hemispheres
Troponin
contains binding sites for calcium
Afferent
sensory part of the peripheral nervous system
Graded potential
localized changes in the membrane potential, less than a 15 mv change
Myelin
a fatty substance insulating the cell membrane made of Schwann cells
Action potential
rapid and substantial depolarization of the neuron’s membrane
Calcium
finds receptors on troponin to initiate muscle contractions
Type 2 fiber
fast twitch; less myoglobin, easily fatigued, white staining
Tendon
connects muscle to bone
Saltatory conduction
“leaping” from node to node
Neuro-muscular junction
where an alpha-motor neuron communicates with its muscle fibers
Refractory period
the cell is unable to respond to another stimulus
Gluconeogenesis
creating glucose from a non-carb source; lactic acid, glycerol, alanine amino acid
Ligament
connects bone to bone
Axon terminal
tiny bulbs of synaptic knobs that contain acetylcholine
Sodium
outer cell dominant ion
Depolarization
sodium ions rush in and the mv move towards zero (more positive)
Sympathetic
fight or flight (pupils dilating)
Plasmalemma
contains acetylcholine receptors
Axon hillock
where graded potentials gather
Myofibril
composed of sarcomeres
Sarcolemma
contains plasmalemma and basement membrane
Myoglobin
hemoglobin in muscle
Myosin
muscle protein, thick with a golf club head
Actin
muscle protein, thin, moveable binding sites
Electron transport chain
part of fat oxidation where hydrogen ions cross the cell membrane
Nodes of ranvier
spaces between myelin sheaths
Autonomic nervous system
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Potassium
inner dominant cell ion
“Hitting the wall”
running out of available energy
B oxidation
free fatty acid to acetyl coA
Somatic
motor
Acetylcholine
primary neurotransmitter for motor neurons
Muscle fiber
muscle cell
Elasticity
muscles return to resting length
Efferent
responsible for sending info from the CNS to various tissues and structures
Type 1 fiber
slow twitch; oxidative
Triglyceride
one glycerol and three fatty acids
Sodium potassium pump
maintains resting membrane potential
Tropomyosin
surrounds actin’s binding sites for myosin head
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
contains stored calcium ions
Smooth
muscle in digestive tract
Parasympathetic
rest and digest; hands are warm and dry
Cori cycle
glucose is made from lactate in the liver
Hyperpolarization
additional potassium moves out of the cell and the millivolts become more negative
Synapse
junctions that allow neurons to communicate with each other
Excitability
muscles are stimulated by nerves
Axon
the neuron’s transmitter, conducting impulses away from the cell body
NADH/FADH
hydrogen ions part of coenzymes entering ETC
