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Exercise physiology > Review cards > Flashcards

Review cards Flashcards

1
Q

Sarcomere

A

functional unit of myofibril

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2
Q

Cerebrum

A

five lobes making up two hemispheres

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3
Q

Troponin

A

contains binding sites for calcium

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4
Q

Afferent

A

sensory part of the peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

Graded potential

A

localized changes in the membrane potential, less than a 15 mv change

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6
Q

Myelin

A

a fatty substance insulating the cell membrane made of Schwann cells

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7
Q

Action potential

A

rapid and substantial depolarization of the neuron’s membrane

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8
Q

Calcium

A

finds receptors on troponin to initiate muscle contractions

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9
Q

Type 2 fiber

A

fast twitch; less myoglobin, easily fatigued, white staining

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10
Q

Tendon

A

connects muscle to bone

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11
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

“leaping” from node to node

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12
Q

Neuro-muscular junction

A

where an alpha-motor neuron communicates with its muscle fibers

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13
Q

Refractory period

A

the cell is unable to respond to another stimulus

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14
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

creating glucose from a non-carb source; lactic acid, glycerol, alanine amino acid

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15
Q

Ligament

A

connects bone to bone

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16
Q

Axon terminal

A

tiny bulbs of synaptic knobs that contain acetylcholine

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17
Q

Sodium

A

outer cell dominant ion

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18
Q

Depolarization

A

sodium ions rush in and the mv move towards zero (more positive)

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19
Q

Sympathetic

A

fight or flight (pupils dilating)

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20
Q

Plasmalemma

A

contains acetylcholine receptors

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21
Q

Axon hillock

A

where graded potentials gather

22
Q

Myofibril

A

composed of sarcomeres

23
Q

Sarcolemma

A

contains plasmalemma and basement membrane

24
Q

Myoglobin

A

hemoglobin in muscle

25
Q

Myosin

A

muscle protein, thick with a golf club head

26
Q

Actin

A

muscle protein, thin, moveable binding sites

27
Q

Electron transport chain

A

part of fat oxidation where hydrogen ions cross the cell membrane

28
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

spaces between myelin sheaths

29
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

30
Q

Potassium

A

inner dominant cell ion

31
Q

“Hitting the wall”

A

running out of available energy

32
Q

B oxidation

A

free fatty acid to acetyl coA

33
Q

Somatic

A

motor

34
Q

Acetylcholine

A

primary neurotransmitter for motor neurons

35
Q

Muscle fiber

A

muscle cell

36
Q

Elasticity

A

muscles return to resting length

37
Q

Efferent

A

responsible for sending info from the CNS to various tissues and structures

38
Q

Type 1 fiber

A

slow twitch; oxidative

39
Q

Triglyceride

A

one glycerol and three fatty acids

40
Q

Sodium potassium pump

A

maintains resting membrane potential

41
Q

Tropomyosin

A

surrounds actin’s binding sites for myosin head

42
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

contains stored calcium ions

43
Q

Smooth

A

muscle in digestive tract

44
Q

Parasympathetic

A

rest and digest; hands are warm and dry

45
Q

Cori cycle

A

glucose is made from lactate in the liver

46
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

additional potassium moves out of the cell and the millivolts become more negative

47
Q

Synapse

A

junctions that allow neurons to communicate with each other

48
Q

Excitability

A

muscles are stimulated by nerves

49
Q

Axon

A

the neuron’s transmitter, conducting impulses away from the cell body

50
Q

NADH/FADH

A

hydrogen ions part of coenzymes entering ETC

Exercise physiology (7 decks)

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