Review cards

Question 1

Sarcomere

Answer 1

functional unit of myofibril

Question 2

Cerebrum

Answer 2

five lobes making up two hemispheres

Question 3

Troponin

Answer 3

contains binding sites for calcium

Question 4

Afferent

Answer 4

sensory part of the peripheral nervous system

Question 5

Graded potential

Answer 5

localized changes in the membrane potential, less than a 15 mv change

Question 6

Myelin

Answer 6

a fatty substance insulating the cell membrane made of Schwann cells

Question 7

Action potential

Answer 7

rapid and substantial depolarization of the neuron’s membrane

Question 8

Calcium

Answer 8

finds receptors on troponin to initiate muscle contractions

Question 9

Type 2 fiber

Answer 9

fast twitch; less myoglobin, easily fatigued, white staining

Question 10

Tendon

Answer 10

connects muscle to bone

Question 11

Saltatory conduction

Answer 11

“leaping” from node to node

Question 12

Neuro-muscular junction

Answer 12

where an alpha-motor neuron communicates with its muscle fibers

Question 13

Refractory period

Answer 13

the cell is unable to respond to another stimulus

Question 14

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 14

creating glucose from a non-carb source; lactic acid, glycerol, alanine amino acid

Question 15

Ligament

Answer 15

connects bone to bone

Question 16

Axon terminal

Answer 16

tiny bulbs of synaptic knobs that contain acetylcholine

Question 17

Sodium

Answer 17

outer cell dominant ion

Question 18

Depolarization

Answer 18

sodium ions rush in and the mv move towards zero (more positive)

Question 19

Sympathetic

Answer 19

fight or flight (pupils dilating)

Question 20

Plasmalemma

Answer 20

contains acetylcholine receptors

Question 21

Axon hillock

Answer 21

where graded potentials gather

Question 22

Myofibril

Answer 22

composed of sarcomeres

Question 23

Sarcolemma

Answer 23

contains plasmalemma and basement membrane

Question 24

Myoglobin

Answer 24

hemoglobin in muscle

Question 25

Myosin

Answer 25

muscle protein, thick with a golf club head

Question 26

Actin

Answer 26

muscle protein, thin, moveable binding sites

Question 27

Electron transport chain

Answer 27

part of fat oxidation where hydrogen ions cross the cell membrane

Question 28

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 28

spaces between myelin sheaths

Question 29

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 29

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 30

Potassium

Answer 30

inner dominant cell ion

Question 31

"Hitting the wall"

Answer 31

running out of available energy

Question 32

B oxidation

Answer 32

free fatty acid to acetyl coA

Question 33

Somatic

Answer 33

motor

Question 34

Acetylcholine

Answer 34

primary neurotransmitter for motor neurons

Question 35

Muscle fiber

Answer 35

muscle cell

Question 36

Elasticity

Answer 36

muscles return to resting length

Question 37

Efferent

Answer 37

responsible for sending info from the CNS to various tissues and structures

Question 38

Type 1 fiber

Answer 38

slow twitch; oxidative

Question 39

Triglyceride

Answer 39

one glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 40

Sodium potassium pump

Answer 40

maintains resting membrane potential

Question 41

Tropomyosin

Answer 41

surrounds actin's binding sites for myosin head

Question 42

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 42

contains stored calcium ions

Question 43

Smooth

Answer 43

muscle in digestive tract

Question 44

Parasympathetic

Answer 44

rest and digest; hands are warm and dry

Question 45

Cori cycle

Answer 45

glucose is made from lactate in the liver

Question 46

Hyperpolarization

Answer 46

additional potassium moves out of the cell and the millivolts become more negative

Question 47

Synapse

Answer 47

junctions that allow neurons to communicate with each other

Question 48

Excitability

Answer 48

muscles are stimulated by nerves

Question 49

Axon

Answer 49

the neuron's transmitter, conducting impulses away from the cell body

Question 50

NADH/FADH

Answer 50

hydrogen ions part of coenzymes entering ETC