hormones Flashcards
made in fat cells and increases appetite
leptin
made in the gut and increases appetite
grhelin
made in skeletal muscle and changes white fat to brown
irisin
cells increase receptors to become more sensitive
up regulation
lipid soluble category of hormones
steroid hormones
catecholamine from sympathetic nervous system
epinephrine
anabolic agent made in REM
testosterone
use direct gene activation
steroid hormones
released during hypoglycemia
glucagon
use cAMP as a second messenger
non-steroid hormones
other name for prostaglandins
autocrines
anabolic agent made in non-REM
growth hormone
gland secreting T3 and T4
thyroid
organ responsible for fluid regulation
kidney
category of hormones that are formed from amino acids
non-steroid hormones
building up of tissues and bodily processes
anabolic
made in ovaries and gives feminine traits
estrogen
causes the body to retain water
antidiuretic
released during hyperglycemia
insulin
can be acute or chronic and made in times of stress
cortisol
where the catecholamines are made
adrenal medulla
increases reuptake of sodium
aldosterone
all tissues or glands that secrete hormones
endocrine system
five hormones that control the rate of lipolysis
epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon
where is the first place things can go wrong in the endocrine system?
the gland
where is the second place things can go wrong in the endocrine system because of hormone binding?
the bloodstream
the third place things can go wrong in the endocrine system due to receptors not receiving the hormone
the target cell
a cell decreases the amount of receptors and becomes less sensitive
down regulation
made from cholesterol, fat soluble, readily cross cell membranes
steroid hormones
need a receptor and carrier to cross the cell membrane
non-steroid hormones
a hormone being secreted causes something in the body to be inhibited
negative feedback
what does the hormone-receptor complex activate in steroid hormones?
cell DNA to form messenger RNA
what does the hormone-receptor complex activate in non-steroid hormones?
messenger cAMP
when insulin levels are low you make more of what anabolic hormone?
growth hormone
during exhaustive workouts insulin is low so what hormone is high?
growth hormone
the amount of what in the bloodstream determines how much carbs/fat is being burnt?
insulin
____ is used by fat to go through the bloodstream
albumine
men with more body fat have less
testosterone
estrogen is made in what cells
fat cells
what converts testosterone into estrogen
alcohol
makes veins more pliable and is anti-inflammatory
estrogen
made in the muscle cell when you work out, increases when it is cold
irisin
separates glycerol from the triglyceride
estrogen
the stress hormone and spikes during high intensity exercise
cortisol
controls fight or flight, mobilize energy sources, stored as fat when not used
cortisol
adrenaline, comes out at high intensities and is dominant, sympathetic
epinephrine
always comes out with epinephrine, burns fat when dominant, sympathetic
norepinephrine
targets the hypothalamus and is made in the small intestine, closes pyloric sphincter, decreases appetite
CCK
testosterone, estrogen, cortisol, aldosterone
examples of steroid hormones
T3, T4, epinephrine, norepinephrine
examples of non-steroidal hormones
hormones cause a change and when that change happens it turns off the hormone
negative feedback loop
insulin coming out when glucose levels are high
example of the hormone negative feedback loop
similar to hormones but stay in a localized area
autocrines
made during HIT workouts and non-REM sleep
growth hormone
where is TSH made
pituitary
made in the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary, controls water retention
antidiuretic
anabolic hormone produce in the pituitary, increases protein synthesis, decreases use of carbs and increases use of fats
growth horome
decreases growth and decreases strength
causes of growth hormone imbalance
anabolic hormone made in testes during REM sleep, increases ability to make muscle
testosterone
decrease in libido and an increase in breast tissue
caused by testosterone imbalance
anabolic, made in ovaries and fat cells, gives feminine traits, separated glycerol from its triglyceride
estrogen
made in the hypothalamus, controls water retentions
antidiuretic
catabolic, made in muscle cell when working out, changes white fat to brown
irisin
