Nervous system

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

composed of the brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

composed of everything that is not the brain or spinal cord

Question 3

Sensory nerves

Answer 3

react to a feeling and sends it to the brain

Question 4

Afferent

Answer 4

the signal is sent to the brain

Question 5

Efferent

Answer 5

the brain tells you what to do

Question 6

Are efferent nerves voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 6

they can be both

Question 7

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 8

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 8

movement

Question 9

Sympathetic nervous system deals with what?

Answer 9

fight or flight

Question 10

Parasympathetic nervous system deals with what?

Answer 10

speeding up or slowing down (leaving and returning to normal)

Question 11

What part of a neuron receives impulses?

Answer 11

dendrite

Question 12

What part of a neuron transmits messages?

Answer 12

Soma

Question 13

This is where graded potentials stay

Answer 13

the axon hillock

Question 14

Where is an electric action potential created?

Answer 14

the axon

Question 15

What is at the end of every axon on the terminal bulbs?

Answer 15

acetolcholine

Question 16

What mineral is outside of the neuron? (extracellularly)

Answer 16

Sodium, Na+

Question 17

What mineral is inside the neuron? (intracellularly)

Answer 17

Potassium, K+

Question 18

What does the sodium potassium pump regulate and what is the numerical value?

Answer 18

resting membrane potential, -70

Question 19

When is the sodium potassium pump working the hardest?

Answer 19

when you aren’t doing anything

Question 20

What is myelin made up of?

Answer 20

Schwann cells

Question 21

What is the first thing that happens when your muscle gets a message?

Answer 21

depolarization

Question 22

What is depolarization?

Answer 22

Sodium rushes into the cell and makes the stimulus more positive to reach the action potential threshold

Question 23

What is it called if a signal doesn’t reach the action potential threshold?

Answer 23

it becomes a graded potential and does not pass the axon hillock

Question 24

A graded potential has a voltage change of

Answer 24

8-10 millivolts

Question 25

What is the numerical value for the action potential threshold?

Answer 25

-55

Question 26

What is the second stage of a signal that has reached the treshold?

Answer 26

repolarization

Question 27

What is repolarization?

Answer 27

Potassium rushes out of the cell

Question 28

The refractory period follows repolarization, what is this?

Answer 28

too much potassium rushes out and the sodium potassium pump must bring it back to normal

Question 29

Another name for the refractory period?

Answer 29

hyperpolarization

Question 30

What type of neurons transmit faster?

Answer 30

myelinated neurons

Question 31

A disease that happens when myelin degrades

Answer 31

multiple sclerosis

Question 32

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 32

the spaces between myelin that impulses jump from

Question 33

What is it called when impulses jump from one node to the next?

Answer 33

saltatory conduction

Question 34

The chemical signal turns from ____ to ____ at the synaptic cleft

Answer 34

electrical; chemical

Question 35

If the action potential reaches the synapse, what is sent out as a chemical signal?

Answer 35

acetylcholine

Question 36

Acetylcholine triggers the next dendrite as?

Answer 36

an electrical signal

Question 37

What three parts make up a synapse?

Answer 37

pre-synaptic cleft, synaptic cleft, post-synaptic cleft

Question 38

What is a neuron that connects to a muscle?

Answer 38

alpha motor neuron

Question 39

What part of the nervous system is an alpha motor neuron in?

Answer 39

peripheral somatic nervous system

Question 40

Alpha motor neurons are

Answer 40

efferent because they have an effect