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Vascular Boards > REVIEW > Flashcards

REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral artery originates where

A

subclavian artery

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2
Q

another name for palmar arch

A

volar arch

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3
Q

superficial palmar/volar arch includes what

A

branch of radial artery

distal portion of ulnar artery

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4
Q

deep palmar/volar arch includes what

A

branch of ulnar artery

distal portion of radial artery

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5
Q

the dorsalis pedis artery is formed from

A

the anterior tibial artery

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6
Q

major branch of dorsalis pedis artery

A

deep plantar artery

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7
Q

the deep plantar artery joins with what

A

lateral plantar artery (branch of posterior tibial artery)

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8
Q

what vessels make up the plantar arch

A

deep plantar artery (branch of dorsalis pedis)

lateral plantar artery (branch of posterior tibial)

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9
Q

the adventicial/externa layer of arteries contains what

A

vaso vasorum

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10
Q

hydrostatic pressure is also referred to as

A

gravitational energy

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11
Q

resistance equation

A

R = 8nL / r4pie

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12
Q

resistance is directly proportional to

A

viscosity and length

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13
Q

resistance is inversely proportional to

A

radius of vessel

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14
Q

what has the most dramatic effect on resistance?

A

change in vessel diameter

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15
Q

what type of energy loss is evident at exit of stenosis

A

inertial

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16
Q

poiseuille’s equation defines relationship between

A

pressure
volume
resistance

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17
Q

poiseuille’s equation

A

Q = P/R

pressure and resistance

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18
Q

Poiseuille’s equation as a whole

A

Q = (p1 - P2) pie r4 / 8nl

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19
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

Q = A x V

area and velocity

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20
Q

bernoulli describes

A

relationship between velocity and pressure

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21
Q

in a flow seperation velocity _____ and pressure _____

A

velocity decreases

pressure increases

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22
Q

low resistance vessels

A 
ICA
celiac
renal
splenic
hepatic
vertebral
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23
Q

high resistance vessels

A

eca
fasting sma
extremity arteries

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24
Q

flow proximal to a significant stenosis

A

higher resistance
monophasic waveform
dampened (little or no diastole)

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25
Q

at a stenosis

A

elevated velocity
spectral broadening
increased doppler shift frequencies

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26
Q

post stenosis doppler

A

lower resistance
rounded in appearance
spectral broadening

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27
Q

flow reversal in high resistance vessels may disappear distal to a stenosis because of

A

decreased peripheral resistance

due to ischemia

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28
Q

vasodilation does what

A

lowers distal peripheral resistance

increases blood flow

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29
Q

exercise decreases what

A

resistance

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30
Q

waveform seen in an extremity after exercise

A

low resistance
monophasic
due to vasodilation

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31
Q

cross sectional area reduction of 75% = _____ diameter reduction

A

50%

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32
Q

a monophasic waveform is often obtained where

A

proximal to an obstruction

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33
Q

analog doppler is not capable of portraying velocities of less than

A

6cm/sec

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34
Q

spectral analysis

A

individual frequencies are displayed using fast fourier transform method FFT

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35
Q

pulsatility index

A

dividing peak to peak frequency difference (P1 - P2) by mean (average) frequency

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36
Q

accerelation time is measured because

A

if theres a proximal obstruction there is a slowing of the time between the onset of systole to the point of maximum peak

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37
Q

acceleration time that indicates proximal iliac disease

A

> 133m/sec

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38
Q

uncompensated CHF can

A

dampen waveforms

give decreased ABIs

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39
Q

width of segmental pressure cuffs should be

A

20% greater than diameter of limb

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40
Q

cuff should be inflated

A

20-30mmHG past last audible arterial signal

OR

inflated 20-30mmHg above highest brachial

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41
Q

systolic pressure is recorded as

A

the pressure at which the first audible arterial signal returns

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42
Q

ABI is calculated by

A

ankle pressure / highest brachial pressure

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43
Q

order of segmental pressures

A

brachial
ankle (PTA/DPA)
calf (PTA/DPA)
thigh (PTA OR POP)

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44
Q

normal extremity ABI

A

> 1.0

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45
Q

likely normal extremity ABI

A

.9-1.0

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46
Q

mild arterial disease extremity ABI

A

.8 - .9

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47
Q

moderate arterial disease extremity ABI

A

.5-.8

CLAUDICATION

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48
Q

Severe arterial disease extremity ABI

A
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49
Q

ABI is unreliable / incompressible vessel

A

> 1.3-1.5

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50
Q

segmental pressure drop between levels indicates a significant obstruction

A

30 mmHG

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51
Q

a horizontal difference in pressures indicates a significant obstruction

A

20-30mmHg

suggest disease at or above extremity with lower pressure

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52
Q

four cuff technique thigh high pressure should be

A

around 30mmHg more than highest brachial pressure

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53
Q

four cuff technique at knee and below pressure should be

A

around the same as highest brachial pressure

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54
Q

three cuff technique high thigh pressure should be

A

around the same as highest brachial pressure

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55
Q

toe pressures for ulcers that fail to heal

A

<30mmHg

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56
Q

post exercise dopplers should be obtained

A

effected side first
both ankles
highest brachial

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57
Q

normal post exercise ABI does what

A

increases

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58
Q

abnormal post exercise ABI does what

A

decreases

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59
Q

ABI post exercise single level disease recovery

A

takes 2-6 minutes for ABIs to increase back to resting levels after exercise

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60
Q

multilevel disease recovery

A

takes 6-12 minutes for ABIs to increase back to resting levels after exercise

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61
Q

reactive hyperemia techinque

A

19x40cm thigh cuffs inflated bilaterally 20-30mmHG above highest brachial for 3-5 minutes

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62
Q

normal limb ABI after reactive hyperemia

A

decrease of 17-34%

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63
Q

single level disease ABI after reactive hyperemia

A

< or = decrease of 50% in ankle pressure

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64
Q

multiple level disease ABI after reactive hyperemia

A

> 50% ankle pressure drop

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65
Q

cuff sizes for upper extremity seg pressures

A

12 x 40cm upper arms

10 x 40 cm forearms

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66
Q

50% stenosis of subclavian artery OR vessel under cuff of UE segmental pressures is indicated by a pressure drop of what

A

15-20mmHg from one brachial to another

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67
Q

what information do you need to get for penile imaging

A

doppler CFA, PTA, DPA,
obtain ABIs
penile pressure with doppler or PPG

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68
Q

penile imaging cuff size

A

2.5 x 12cm

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69
Q

normal penile brachial index

A

> or = .75

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70
Q

marginal penile brachial index

A

.65-.74

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71
Q

abnormal penile brachial index

A
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72
Q

penile doppler normal results

A

cavernous arteries size increase post injection
PSV increases 30cm/sec higher
dorsal vein should not increase

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73
Q

dorsal vein doppler

A

< 3 cm/sec normal

>20cm/sec abnormal

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74
Q

plethysmography is used to

A

determine true claudication vs nonvascular sources

localize area of obstruction

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75
Q

PPG is mainly used for

A

digits and penile exams

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76
Q

volume air plethsmography cuffs are inflated to

A

10-65mmHg

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77
Q

how does volume air plethsmography work

A

pressure xducer converts pressure changes into analog waveforms and displays them on strip chart recorder

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78
Q

PPG detects

A

cutaneous blood flow

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79
Q

cuteaneous blood flow in PPG determines

A

the amount of reflection

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80
Q

increased blood flow in PPG results in

A

increased attenuation
decreased reflection
positive upstroke

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81
Q

volume air plethysmography start at

A

upper extremity and move distally

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82
Q

PPG results: normal

A

rapid upstroke
sharp systolic peak
reflective wave

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83
Q

PPG results: minimally abnormal

A

rapid upstroke
sharp peak
no reflective wave
downslope bowed away from baseline

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84
Q

PPG results moderately abnormal

A

slow up stroke and down stroke
flattened systolic peak
no reflective wave

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85
Q

PPG results severely abnormal

A

low amplitude or absent

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86
Q

reduced amplitude with normal wave reflects

A

insignificant disease unless its unilateral

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87
Q

good waveform with abnormal segmental pressures reflects

A

collaterals

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88
Q

displacement plethysmography: displacement is measured by

A

amount of displacement of water in chimney

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89
Q

displacement plethysmography: volume change is measured by

A

spirometer

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90
Q

with volume air plethysmography if cuff is too tight

A

can obliterate or diminish wave forms

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91
Q

toe plethysmography exam cuff size

A

1.2 times size of toe

about 2.5-3cm cuff applied to base of great toe

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92
Q

PPG toes method

A

cuff at base of great toe
photocell attached to plantar side of toe
paper speed slowed to 5mm/sec
cuff inflated to 20-30mmHg past highest brachial pressure
no pulsations are seen
cuff slowly deflated until first pulse returns

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93
Q

PPG fingers without cold stress

A 
UE arterial study
Pressures
doppler palmar arch to verify patency
apply finger cuffs (2-2.5cm)
same method as toes
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94
Q

PPG fingers with cold stress

A

after resting study hands go into cold water for 3 minutes

then waveform and pressures obtained immediately and then after 5 minutes

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95
Q

normal PPG digital waveform qualities

A

sharp upstroke
downstroke with reflected wave/notch halfway down
finger amplitude greater than toes

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96
Q

abnormal obstructive PPG digital waveform

A

slow upslope
rounded peak
downslope bows away from baseline

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97
Q

digital abnormal peaked waveform

A

slow upslope
sharp anacrotic notch
reflected wave high on downslope

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98
Q

Raynauds disease waveform

A

peaked pulse

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99
Q

digital PPG completely abnormal if

A

waveforms fail to return after 5 minutes

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100
Q

UE digits Finger/brachial index

A

.8-.9

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101
Q

LE digits toe/brachial index

A

60-80% of brachial pressure

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102
Q

Transcutaenous Oximetry is used to determine

A

if ulcers will heal

amputation level

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103
Q

TCP02 technique

A

clean skin with alcohol pad
ring fixed on skin
electrolyte solution put inside ring
electrode attached to ring

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104
Q

TcP02

A 
heats skin to 45 celcius
blood flow increases, lipid layer melts
02 escapes through skin
measured by sensor in electrode 
electrode converts chemical reaction to reading of 02 converted into mmHg
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105
Q

TcP02 calibration

A

manual

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106
Q

healing likely to occur

A

70-80mmHg

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107
Q

borderline healing

A

30-40mmHg

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108
Q

non healing

A

10-15mmHg

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109
Q

sample size for acquiring pulsed doppler information

A

1-1.5mm

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110
Q

most common sites of stenosis of hemodialysis graft site is

A

venous anast and outflow

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111
Q

steal syndrome of hemodialysis graft site is caused by

A

distal arterial flow reversed into venous circulation

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112
Q

assess for steal of graft site

A

ppg on atleast two fingers
manual compression of graft
if flow to digits improves —> steal
if flow does not improve –> no steal

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113
Q

if the patient has steal syndrome what are the symtoms

A

pale hand
coolness of skin dst to shunt
pain in fingers and hand

114
Q

doppler equation

A

df = 2FoVCos0 /C

df = doppler shift
FO = transducer frequency
V= velocity of moving reflectors
c= speed of sound
115
Q

speed of sound through soft tissue

A

1540 m/sec

116
Q

calculating velocity equation

A

V = c DF/ 2FO cos 0

117
Q

Reversed Saph Vein Graft RSVG

A

small end prox
large end distal
vein valves stay open due to arterial flow pressure
branches are ligated

118
Q

in situ vein graft

A

stays in place
valves broken up prior to surgery
branches ligated

119
Q

synthetic bypass graft

A

gortex

120
Q

bypass graft imaging

A 
ABIs
inflow art
prx art anast
body
dst art anast
outflow art
vein graft check for branches may lead to av fistula
121
Q

stenotic PSV to pre stenotic PSV 2:1 ratio

A

50% diamater reduction

122
Q

stenotic PSV to pre stenotic PSV 4:1 ratio

A

75% diameter reduction

123
Q

PSV >400cm/sec

A

75% diameter reduction

124
Q

normal bypass graft doppler

A

lower resistance

retrograde flow seen in native artery at distal anastomosis of RSVG

125
Q

abnormal bypass graft doppler

A

decrease of 30 cm/sec
change in waveforms
decrease of ABI >.15

126
Q

RAR equation

A

highest renal artery PSV / aorta PSV

127
Q

normal RAR

A

<3.5

128
Q

you cannot use RAR if

A

AAA

Ao PSV >90cm/sec or less than 40cm/sec

129
Q

abnormal RAR

A

> 3.5 suggest 60% diameter reduction

130
Q

End diastolic ratio (EDR) or PR

A

EDV / PSV

131
Q

normal EDR or PR

A

> .2

132
Q

abnormal EDR or PR

A
133
Q

Resitive index (RI) equation

A

PSV - EDV / PSV

134
Q

normal RI for kidneys

A
135
Q

Acceleration time of what is considered to be abnormal for kidneys

A

> 100cm/sec

136
Q

fasting SMA

A

high PSV
low EDV
flow reversal

137
Q

non fasting SMA

A

PSV and EDV increased

loss of flow reversal

138
Q

normal SMA PSV

A

110-177cm/sec

139
Q

stenosis of SMA

A

> 275cm/sec

70% diameter reduction

140
Q

celiac artery fasting

A

high PSV and EDV

no flow reversal

141
Q

celiac artery non fasting

A

no change

142
Q

celiac artery normal velocity

A

50-160 cm/sec

143
Q

stenosis of celiac artery

A

> 200cm/sec

70% diameter reduction

144
Q

celiac band syndrome

A

compression of celiac artery by median arcuate ligament of diaphgram

145
Q

what do you see with celiac band syndrome

A

stenosis on expiration

improved with deep inspiration

146
Q

waveform seen proximal to an AV fistula

A

increased diastolic flow because fistula reduces resistance

147
Q

flow throughout fistula

A

high velocity

low resistance

148
Q

epigastric artery

A

branch of internal mammary artery

149
Q

what supplies rectus abdominus

A

epigastric artery and perforators

150
Q

internal mammary artery is also known as

A

internal thoracic artery

151
Q

internal mammary/internal thoracic artery arises off of

A

subclavian artery

152
Q

vein dimension for vein mapping

A

at least 2-3mm

outter to outter

153
Q

most common compression of thoracic outlet syndrome is

A

brachial plexus (97%)

154
Q

ICA branches

A

opthalmic artery

posterior communicating artery

155
Q

ICA terminates in the

A

middle cerebral artery

anterior cerebral artery

156
Q

first branch off of ECA

A

superior thryoid artery

157
Q

basiliar artery divides into

A

posterior cerebral artery

158
Q

circle of willis includes

A 
dst ica
ant cerebral artery
ant communicating artery
post cerebral art
post communicating art
159
Q

supraorbital artery is a brach off the

A

ophthalmic artery

160
Q

supraorbital artery joins with

A

ECA via superficial temporal artery

161
Q

frontal artery

A

arises from ophthalmic art
supplies mid forehead
joins eca

162
Q

ECA ICA anastomosis

A

via orbital and ophthalmic artery

163
Q

occipital branch of ECA anasts with

A

atlantic branch of vertebral art

164
Q

poiseuill’s law and resistance equation

A 
Q = (P) pie r4 /8nL
p= pressure
r= radius of vessel
n = viscosity
l= length
165
Q

atheromatous plaque is formed

A

within or beneath intima

166
Q

fatty streak

A

thin layer or lipid material on intimal layer

167
Q

fibrous plaque

A

lipids
collagen
elastic fibers
homogenous

168
Q

complicated plaque

A 
fibrous plaque that includes 
collagen
calcium
cellular debris
echogenic and heterogenous
169
Q

ulcerative lesion plaque

A

smooth surface of fibrous cap deteriorates

can result in distal embolism

170
Q

intra-plaque hemorrage

A

evident as sonolucent area within plaque

171
Q

fibromuscular dysplasia is

A

dyplasia of media and overgrowth of collagen in mid/dst ica

172
Q

FMD is common in

A

young women

173
Q

neointimal hyperplasia

A

intimal thickening from rapid production of smooth muscle cells
common post endarterectomy

174
Q

lt cva results in

A

problems on right side of body

175
Q

eye symptoms suggest disease of

A

ICA on the same side

176
Q

ICA disease symptoms

A 
unilateral paresis (weakness)
unilat paresthesia (pins and needles)
aphasia (difficulty speaking)
amaurosis fugax (blindness of one eye)
177
Q

MCA disease symptoms

A

aphasia, dysphasia
facial and arm paralysis
behavorial changes

178
Q

ACA disease symptoms

A

severe hemiparesis or plegia
incontinence
loss of coordination

179
Q

vertebrobasilar disease symptoms

A 
vertigo
diplopia
ataxia (loss of coordination)
drop attack
bilat parethesia
180
Q

PCA disease symptoms

A

dyslexia

coma

181
Q

carotid doppler uses

A

spectral analysis
continuous wave doppler
pulse doppler

182
Q

continuous wave

A

2 crystals one constantly sending one receiving
no range resolution
fixed sample size

183
Q

pulsed wave doppler

A

crystals send then receive
high range resolution
variable sample size

184
Q

high resistance patterns of ICA consider disease

A

carotid siphon

185
Q

normal PSV of carotids

A

<125 cm/sec

186
Q

carotid PSV with less than 50% stenosis

A

PSV <125cm/sec

187
Q

carotid PSV/EDV with 50-75% stenosis

A

PSV >125cm/sec

EDV <140 cm/sec

188
Q

carotid PSV/EDV with 80-99% stenosis

A

PSV >125cm/sec

EDV >140cm/sec

189
Q

NASCET criteria for carotids > than 70% stenosis

A

ICA/CCA ratio >4.0

190
Q

occlusion signals of carotids

A

CCA may have low or absent diastole

pre occlusive thump

191
Q

maximum frequency is

A

1/2PRF

192
Q

nyquist limit

A

flow greater than 1/2 PRF

193
Q

to increase PRF or nyquist limit

A 
change scale
change transducer frequency
bring down baseline
change wall filter
use CW doppler
change depth
change angle of insonation
194
Q

mirror image/cross talk

A

doppler shifts above and below baseline

artifact from strong reflectors or too much gain

195
Q

transtemporal approach for

A

MCA
ACA
PCA
dst ICA

196
Q

transorbital approach for

A

ophthalmic and carotid siphon

197
Q

transforaminal/suboccipital approach

A

vert and basilar art

198
Q

MCA

A

30-60mm
antegrade
55 +/- 12cm/sec
angle: ant/sup

199
Q

ICA

A

55-65mm
bidirectional
55 +/-12 cm/sec
ant/sup

200
Q

ACA

A

60-80mm
retrograde
50 +/-11cm/sec
ant/sup

201
Q

PCA

A

60-70mm
antegrade
39 +/- 10cm/sec
posterior

202
Q

Opthalmic artery

A

40-60mm
antegrade
21 +/1 5
medial

203
Q

ICA carotid siphon

A 
60-80mm
supraclinioid : retrograde
genu: bidirectional
parasellar: antegrade
47 +/-14 cm/sec
204
Q

Vertbral artery

A

60-90mm
retrograde
58 +/- 10cm/sec
right/lt of midline

205
Q

basilar artery

A

80-120mm
retrograde
41 +/- 10 cmsec
midline

206
Q

cross over of ACA

A

antegrade flow in ACA due to cross over collateralization

207
Q

external to internal collateralization

A

retrograde flow in ophthalmic artery

208
Q

posterior to anterior collateral pathway

A

increase flow in PCA

reversed flow in pcom artery

209
Q

occlusion is most accurately identified in

A

ICA or MCA

210
Q

vasospasm most accurately identified in

A

MCA

211
Q

vasospasm

A

> 120cm/sec

212
Q

severe vasospasm

A

> 200cm/sec

213
Q

AV malformation causes

A

increased systolic and diastolic flow
low PI
reduced flow in adjacent arteries

214
Q

subclavian steel results in

A

retrograde flow in ipsilateral vertebral artery

215
Q

calculate diameter reduction

A

1 - d/D x 100

216
Q

may thurners syndrome

A

lt common iliac vein travels under rt common iliac artery and may be compressed leading to DVT in left lower extremity

217
Q

intracranial venous sinus

A

space between dura matter and periosteum that drains blood into jug vein

218
Q

veins without valves

A 
IVC
SVC
innominate
iliac
soleal sinuses
219
Q

GSV # of valves

A

12 mostly below knee

220
Q

small saph v # of valves

A

6-12

221
Q

perforators # of valves

A

each contain a valve

222
Q

infra pop veins # of valves

A

7-12

223
Q

pop and fem vein # of valves

A

1-3 each

224
Q

common fem v # of valves

A

1

225
Q

IJV # of valves

A

1

226
Q

shape of veins is determined by

A

transmural pressure

pressure within vein vs pressure outside of vien

227
Q

low transmural pressure

A

low blood volume
hour glass shaped vein
(offers more resistance)

228
Q

high transmural pressure

A

high blood volume

circular shaped

229
Q

hydrostatic pressure equation

A 
HP = PGH
P= specific gravity of blood
G= acceleration due to gravity
H= distance from the heart
230
Q

what helps propel blood towards the heart

A

muscle contraction

231
Q

ineffective calf pump muscle results in

A

reflux
venous volume and pressure increases
venous pooling
ambulatory venous hypertension

232
Q

inspiration

A

decrease in intrathoracic pressure
increase intra abdominal pressure
decrease venous return from legs
increase venous return from arms

233
Q

expiration

A

increase intra thoracic pressure
decrease intra abdominal pressure
increase venous return from legs
decrease venous return from arms

234
Q

valsalva

A

increases intra thoracic and intra abdominal pressure
all venous flow should halt
same as prx compression during lower extrem exam

235
Q

phlegmasia alba dolens

A

arterial spasm due to iliofemoral thrombosis

causes pallor

236
Q

phlegmasia cerulea dolens

A

severely reduced venous outflow from iliofemoral thrombosis

causes cyanosis

237
Q

pitting edema causes

A

fluid retention
CHF
elevated venous pressure

238
Q

virchows triad

A

venous stasis
hypercoagulability
trauma to vessel

239
Q

picc line will most likely develop thrombosis

A

proximal picc

240
Q

paget schroetter syndrome

A

stress induced dvt of axillary or subclavian vein
common in young men
venous form of TOS

241
Q

superior vena cava syndrome

A

obstruction by neoplasm

pt may have cough/sob

242
Q

with SVC syndrome what happens to flow

A

flow in UE remains the same during inspiration

243
Q

primary varicose veins

A

dilated superficial veins due to incompetence of superficial system
deep system intact

244
Q

secondary varicose veins

A

dilated superficial veins due to incompetence of superficial system that is caused by DVT
deep system not intact

245
Q

klippel-trenaunay

A

multiple varicosities of superficial system

hypoplastic or absent deep veins

246
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

stretching of walls results in damage to valves

increase venous pressure causes flow changes

247
Q

post phlebitic syndrome

A

chronic flow changes result in persistent edema, stasis, pain
may lead to ulceration

248
Q

PPG venous normal venous refill time VRT

A

> or = 20 seconds

249
Q

PPG venous superficial system incompetence VRT

A

<20 sec without tourniquet

then normalizes to >20 seconds with tourniquet

250
Q

PPG venous deep system incompetence VRT

A

< 20 seconds with and without tourniquet

251
Q

PPG of venous system is used to detect

A

venous insufficiency

venous reflux

252
Q

venous APG cuff inflates to

A

6mmHg

253
Q

venous filling index shows what

A

rate of venous refilling

254
Q

VFI is calculated using

A 
Venous Volume (VV) 
Venous filling time (VFT)
255
Q

normal VFI should be

A

low number

256
Q

what measures the calf muscle pump function

A

Ejection Fraction EF

257
Q

EF is calculated how

A 
Ejection volume (EJ) 
Venous Volume (VV)
258
Q

normal EF is

A

high percentage

259
Q

the calf expels how much of venous blood volume with one toe pump

A

60%

260
Q

Residual volume fraction RVF is equivalent to

A

ambulatory venous pressure in mmHg

261
Q

Residual volume fraction is calculated how

A

percentage of VV remaining after 10 toe tips

262
Q

RVF should be

A

low %

263
Q

limitations of APG

A

will not diagnose incompetent perforators or isolated incompetent distal veins

264
Q

APG systems are

A

manually calibrated

265
Q

VV is calculated

A

EV and VRT

266
Q

sources of false positives for CW venous doppler

A

extrinsic compression
peripheral arterial disease PAD
COPD

267
Q

PAD can cause

A

decreased venous filling

268
Q

COPD can cause

A

elevated central venous pressure

269
Q

trendelenburg position for venous doppler

A

head 30 degrees lower than heart

270
Q

venous flow patterns

A

spontaneous
phasic
augment with dst compression
aug with prx release

271
Q

to improve venous doppler imaging

A

adjust scale
change wall filters
increase gains

272
Q

with chronic venous insufficiency what do you normally see with valsalva

A

flow reversal which indicates reflux

273
Q

venous insufficiency testing with doppler cuffs sizes

A

19x40 thigh
12 x 40 calf
12x40 ankle

274
Q

rapid cuff inflator for venous insufficiency inflates

A

80 mmHg thigh
100 mmHg calf
120 mmHg foot

275
Q

spectral analysis with chronic venous insufficiency

A

reversed flow lasting more than 30 seconds to 1 minute

276
Q

color flow with chronic venous insufficiency

A

color change noted during prx compression or cuff deflation

277
Q

if flow is not spontaneous at CFV FV and POP veins

A

obstruction distal to or at that site

278
Q

if flow is continuous and not phasic

A

prx obstruction

279
Q

no augment is dst compression is seen

A

obstruction between where you are compressing and where you are listening

280
Q

if flow increases during prx compression

A

venous reflux

281
Q

rouleau formation

A

slow swirling flow seen within vein

could suggest prx obstruction

282
Q

doppler seen with chronic venous thrombosis

A

venous reflux lasting 30 sec or longer

continous or decreases phasicity

Vascular Boards (30 decks)

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