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Vascular Boards > Chapter 3: Arterial Testing > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Arterial Testing Flashcards

1
Q

Claudication

A

pain in muscles occurring during exercise, subsides with rest

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2
Q

Claudication results from

A

inadequate blood supply to muscle

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3
Q

With claudication the level of the disease is usually

A

proximal to the location of symptoms

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4
Q

pseudo-claudication

A

mimics vascular symptoms but is neuogenic or orthopedic

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5
Q

ischemic rest pain

A

more severe symptom of dimished blood flow
occurs when limb is not dependent (sleeping)
decreasses BP

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6
Q

ischemic rest pain can effect

A

forefoot, heel, toes

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7
Q

tissue loss

A

necrosis or death of tissue

due to deficient of absent blood supply

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8
Q

acute arterial occlusion symptoms (6 P’s)

A 
pallor
pain
pulselessness
polar
parsthesia
paralysis
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9
Q

acute arterial occlusion is an emergency because

A

collaterals do not have time to form –> no blood flow

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10
Q

Raynaud’s Phenomenon

A

vasopastic disorder

intermittent digital ischemia due to cold or emotional stress

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11
Q

Primary Raynaud’s

A 
ischemis due to digital arterial spasms
common in young women
can be hereditary
hx of symptoms x2 years without worsening
benign
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12
Q

Secondary Raynaud’s aka Obstructive Raynauds

A

normal vasoconstrictive responses of arterioles superimposed on fixed artery occlusion
ischemia is constantly present

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13
Q

Secondary Raynaud’s may be the first manifestation of

A

Buerger’s Diseas

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14
Q

Pallor

A

pale skin

result of deficient blood supply

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15
Q

Rubor

A

redness

dialated vessels secondary to reactive hyperemia

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16
Q

Cyanosis

A

Blue discoloration

concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin

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17
Q

what to look for on physical exam for arterial exams

A 
skin color changes
temperature
lesions (ulcers)
capillary filling time
elevation/dependency color changes
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18
Q

increased capillary filling time suggests

A

decreased arterial perfusion

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19
Q

diminished or absent pulses suggest

A

arterial insufficiency

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20
Q

Grading pulses

A

0(none)- to 4(bounding)

aneurysms are a 4

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21
Q

palpable thrill may indicate

A

fistula
post stenotic turbulence
dialysis access site

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22
Q

palpable pulses

A 
aorta
femoral
popliteal
dorsalis pedis (DPA)
posterior tibial
23
Q

what arteries can not be palpated

A

peroneal arteries

24
Q

risk factors for arterial disease

A 
diabetes
hypertension
hyperlipidemia
smoking
other (fam hx, age)
25
Q

Arterial disease with diabetes

A 
atherosclerosis 
distal pop and tibial arteries mostly effected
medial calcification develop in LE
poor sensation 
higher incidence of gangrenous change
amputations
26
Q

systemic hypertension mostly leads to

A

coronary atherosclerosis

27
Q

Hyperlipidemia and arterial disease

A

leads to atherosclerosis

28
Q

causes of hyperlipidemia

A

diet high in animal fat

metabolic problems

29
Q

smoking and arterial disease

A

chemical in cigs irritate endothelial lining of vessel, causing vasoconstriction

30
Q

what is the most common arterial pathology

A

atherosclerosis (obliterans)

31
Q

what happens to arterial walls with atherosclerosis

A

thickening
hardening
loss of elasticity of walls

32
Q

where do changes occur with atherosclerosis

A

intima and media layers

33
Q

risk factors for atherosclerosis

A 
smoking
hyperlipidemia
fam history
hypertension
diabetes
sedentary lifestyle
34
Q

most common sites of atherosclerosis

A 
carotid bifurcations
vessel origins
infra renal aorta
cfa bifurcation
SFA at adductor canal
trifurcation
35
Q

Leriche Syndrome

A

occurs in males

obstruction of the aorta

36
Q

Leriche Syndrome is characterized by

A

fatigue in hips, thighs calves with exercise
absense of femoral pulses
impotence
pallor and coldness of LE

37
Q

arterial embolism

A

obstruction from solid, liquid, or gaseous foreign substance

38
Q

Blue toe syndrome

A

related to embolism

toe ischemia

39
Q

Aneursym

A

dilation of all three walls

40
Q

fusiform aneurysm

A

circumferential dilation

41
Q

saccular aneursym

A

out pouching

42
Q

dissecting aneursym

A

tear in inner layer allowing blood to flow between two layers
happens in thoracic aorta

43
Q

pseudoanyersm

A

all three walls are not involved

results from defect in main artery wall

44
Q

patients with one aneursym have a higher incidence of

A

2 anerusyms

most likely of CFA or pop artery

45
Q

most frequent complication of an aneursym is

A

rupture of aortic aneurysm with emobolization of peripheral aneursyms

46
Q

arteritis is

A

inflammation of the arterial wall leading to thrombosis of the vessel

47
Q

arteritis can affect

A

tibial and peroneal arteries

48
Q

Buerger’s Disease

A

is arteritis (thomboangititis obliterans)

49
Q

Buerger’s Disease is associated with

A

heavy cigarette smoking

occurs primarily in men <40 yrs olf

50
Q

Buerger’s Disease patients present with

A

rest pain, ulcers

occlusion of distal arteries

51
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

common in thoracic aorta

congenital narrowing or a vessel

52
Q

clinical findings of coarctation

A

hypertension due to decreased kidney perfusion

LE ischemis

53
Q

Aortic Dissection

A

may occur consequent to hypertension or severe trauama

affects aorta and peripheral arteries

54
Q

ultrasound findings of a dissection

A

thin membrane dividing the arterial lumen into 2 compartments
flow velocities differ in each lumen

Vascular Boards (30 decks)

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