Chapter 23: Venous testing Flashcards
findings of DVT
swelling
pain
redness
warmth
differential diagnosis of DVT include
muscle strain injury muscle tear bakers cyst cellulitis lymphagitis heart failure extrinsic compression
Most common finding of chronic venous disease
swelling heaviness discoloration ulcers varicosities
edema
fluid accumulation
induration of tissue
ereythema
redness, inflammation
cellulitis
brownish discoloration of skin
brawny
venous stasis leg to ankle area (gaiter zone)
pallor
arterial spasms
called phlegmasia alba dolens
cyanosis
severely reduced venous outflow from iliofemoral thrombosis
phlegmasia cerulea dolens
phlegmasia alba dolens
arterial spasm due to iliofemoral thrombosis
phlegmasia cerulea dolens
cyanosis due to severely reduced venous outflow from iliofemoral thrombosis
venous ulcer location
near medial malleolus
arterial ulcer location
tibial area
toes
bony prominence
venous ulcer appearance
shallow
irregular in shape
arterial ulcer appearance
deep
regular shape
punched out appearance
venous ulcer skin changes
inflammation infection brawny discoloration varicosities lipodermatosclerosis
arterial ulcers skin changes
dryness scaly atrophy shiny skin loss of hair thickened toenails
venous ulcer pain
mild
arterial ulcer pain
severe
venous ulcers and bleeding
venous ooze
arterial ulcers and bleeding
little
pitting edema
fluid in subcutaneous tissue
depression of skin surface with manual pressure
pitting edema causes
fluid retention
CHF
elevated venous pressure
lymphadema
fluid accumulations when lymph nodes and vessels are removed of damaged
seen after cancer surgery
non pitting edema
virchows triad
trauma to vessel/endothelial vessel
venous stasis
hypercoadulability
paget schroetter syndrome (trauma to vessel)
stress/effort thrombosis
axillary or subclavian vein
venous component of TOS
venous stasis
immobility obesity pregnancy previous dvt extrinsic compression
superior vena cava syndrome
obstruction (neoplasm, lines)
edema and engorgement of vessels evident
pt may cough/ SOB
flow in UE remains the same during inspiration (continuous flow)
hypercoagulability
protein deficiencies pregnancy cancer hormones estrogen intake
intraluminal thrombi frequently begin at
valve cusps
soleal sinus
chronic venous insufficiency
stretching of walls due to DVT results in damage to valves
increased venous pressure causes flow changes
Post-phlebitis syndrome
chronic flow changes result in persistent edema, stasis, pain
may lead to ulceration
valvular incompetence
valves no longer maintain unidirectional flow
calf muscle pump no longer forces blood towards heart or from superficial system to deep
results of valvular incompetence
increase pressure/venous hypertension
varicosities
fluid may leak into surrounding fluid causing brawny appearance
ulceration
ambulatory venous hypertension is
increasing pressure when patient stands or walks
primary varicose veins
dilated secondary to valvular incompetence of superficial system
deep system intact
secondary varicose veins
dilated veins caused by incompetence of superficial system
results from deep venous obstruction
deep system not intact
portal hypertension is
elevated venous pressure from obstruction of blood flow
portal hypertension may result in
reverse flow in portal vein and increased portal venous pressure that impedes blood flow into liver
klippel-trenaunay
multiple varicosities of superifical system
hypoplastic or absent deep veins
renal cell carcinoma
MC renal mass in adults
most common cause of IVC tumor
