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Intro to Soc > Review 2 > Flashcards

Review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

social profit

A

if reward exceeds the punishment then the interaction will prob continue.

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2
Q

game theory

A

a mathematic & economic theory that predicts that human interaction hate characteristics of a “game”

  • strategies
  • winners/loser
  • rewards& punishments
  • profits & cost
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3
Q

cyberspace interaction

A

virtual interaction

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4
Q

group

A

2 or more people who

  • interact
  • share goals
  • share norms
  • have subject awareness as “we”
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5
Q

social categories

A

people sharing a common characteristic

  • race
  • gender
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6
Q

audiences

A

people who the product is made for

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7
Q

microlevel analysis

A

analysis of groups and face - to - face social influence

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8
Q

macrolevel analysis

A

analysis of formal organization and bureaucracies

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9
Q

dyad

A

2 people in a group

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10
Q

triad

A

3 people in a group

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11
Q

Georg Simmel

A
  • discovered that triadic segregation
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12
Q

triadic segregation

A

behavior of group over time would change depending on if it’s between 2 or 3 people

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13
Q

group size effect

A

size of group affects the behavior of it

their personalities don’t matter

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14
Q

Charles Horton Cooley

A

a famous sociologist from Chicago school of sociology

- introduced concept of primary group

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15
Q

primary group

A

group consisting of intimate,
face - to - face interaction and
long-lasting relationships

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16
Q

secondary groups

A

larger groups

less intimate

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17
Q

expressive needs

A

intimacy,
companionship
emotional support

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18
Q

instrumental needs

A

practical

everyday needs

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19
Q

membership groups

A

individual belongs or qualifies for membership

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20
Q

reference groups

A
  • use as a standard for evaluating values

- may or not belong

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21
Q

W.I. Thomas

A
  • famous for elaborating on “in groups” and “out group”
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22
Q

in group

A

“us”

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23
Q

out group

A

“them”

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24
Q

Attribution theory

A

the principle that we all make inferences about the personalities of others, such as concluding what the other is “really like “

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25
Q

attribution error

A

errors made in attributing cases for people’s behavior to their membership in a particular group

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26
Q

Social network

A

set of links between individuals between groups

or between other social units

27
Q

confederates

A

collaborators w the experimenter who only pretended to be participants

28
Q

groupthink

A

tendency for members to reach a consensus, even if it’s stupid

29
Q

risky shift

A

tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average individual decision made by members

30
Q

deindividuation

A

sense that one’s merged w the group

31
Q

formal organization

A

large secondary group highly organized to accomplish a task

32
Q

Types of formal organizations

A
  1. Normative
  2. Coercive
  3. utilitarian
  4. bureaucracy
33
Q

normative organizations

A

people join to pursue goals

-PTA

34
Q

coercive org.

A

involuntary membership

35
Q

utilitarian org

A

profit or non profit. workers get paid

36
Q

bureaucracy

A
  • authority hierarchy
  • clear division of labor
  • explicit rules
  • impersonality
37
Q

max weber

A

famous for coming up w “ideal type bureaucracy”

38
Q

ideal type of bureaucracy

A 
-rarly seen in reality
characterized by
. high degree of division of labor and specialization 
- hierarchy of authority
-rules and regulations
-career ladders
-efficiency
39
Q

organization chart

A

a diagram in the same of a pyramid that shoes the relative rank of each position plus the lines of authority between each

40
Q

tenure

A

a guarantee of continued employment

41
Q

probs with bureaucracy

A
  • ritualism

- alienation

42
Q

ritualism

A

accept legitimate means reject success goals

ex. go to work but don’t care to proceed

43
Q

alienation

A

caused by bureaucracy which results

44
Q

eufunctions

A

positive functions

45
Q

dysfuncitons

A

negative funiton

46
Q

deviance

A

behavior that is recognized as violating expected rules and norms

47
Q

formal deviance

A

behavior that breaks laws of official rules

48
Q

informal deviance

A

behavior that violates customary norms

49
Q

labeling theory

A

recognizes that deviance is not just in the breaking of norms or rules but also includes how people react to those behaviors

50
Q

what was durkheim’s insight on deviance

A

deviance produces social solidarity.

- instead of breaking society up, deviance produces a pulling together or social solidarity

51
Q

What are the functionalist theories of deviance

A
  1. study of suicide - durkheim
  2. structural strain theory - merton
  3. social control theory
52
Q

conflict theories of deviance?

A
  • economic organization of capitalist societies produces deviance and crime
  • people are forced into crime to sustain themselves
  • upper class can hide crime better as affluent groups have resources to mask their deviance and crime
53
Q

symbolic interaction theories of deviance

A
  1. W.I. Thomas and the Chicago school
  2. differential association Theory
  3. labeling theory
  4. deviant careers
  5. deviant communities
54
Q

forms of deviance

A
  1. mental illness
  2. social stigma
  3. substance abuse
55
Q

Durkheim’s study of suicide

A
  1. criticized the psychological interpretations of why people commit suicide
  2. emphasized role of social structure in producing deviance
  3. pointed out importance of people’s social attachments onto society
  4. elaborated the functionalist view that deviance provides the basis for social cohesion
56
Q

Emile Durkheim

A

functionalist perspective on deviance stems originally from his work

57
Q

anomie

A

condition that exists when social regulations in a society break down

  • controlling influences of society are no longer effective
  • people exist in a state of relative normlessness
58
Q

anomic suicide

A

occurs when the disintegrating forces in the society make the individuals feel lost or alone

59
Q

altruistic suicide

A

occurs when there is excessive regulations of individuals by social forces

60
Q

egoistic suicide

A

occurs when people feel totally detached form society

61
Q

Merton’s Structural strain theory

A
  • culture establishes goals for people in society
  • people use accepted means to achieve the goals society establishes
  • when the means are out of balance with the goals, deviance is likely to occur
62
Q

retreatism deviance

A

occurs when neither the goals nor the means are available

63
Q

ritualistic deviance

A

cultural goal of extreme thinness is previewed as unattainable, even though the means for trying to attain it are plentiful
- similar to an eating disorder

Intro to Soc (14 decks)

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