LM03 Flashcards
society
a system of social interaction that includes both culture and social organization
social interaction
behavior between 2 or more people that is given meaning
sui generis
of its own kind or class, unique
- used by Emile Durkheim
macroanalysis
looking at past complex & highly differentiated patters of social interaction,
- a sociological approach,
- broadcast view of society
microanalysis
studies small, less complex, & less differentiated social interactions
- sociological approach
social organization
are used by sociologists to describe the established order in social groups
social institution
an established and organized system of social behavior with a recognized purpose
Functional theorists identified the needs of society as
- the socialization of new members of society
- the production and distribution of goods and services
- replacement of society’s members
- maintenance of stability and existence
- providing the members w. an ultimate sense of purpose
social structure
organized pattern of social relationships and social institutions that together compose society
collective consciousness
body of beliefs common to a community of a society that give people a sense of belonging & a feeling of moral obligation to its demands and values
mechanical solidarity
- unity felt as a result of performing the same or similar tasks
- term coined by Emilie Durkheim
Organic Solidarity
- independence that results from the division of labor
- term coined by Emilie Durkheim
division of labor
relatedness of different tasks that develop in complex societies
gemeINshaft
- German for community
-sense of “we”feeling, moderate division of labor,
strong personal ties,
strong family relationships
sense of personal loyalty
geSELLschaft
- German for society
-consists of an increasing importance placed on the secondary relationships
(work over family)
types of societies
preindustrial society
industrial society
postindustrial society
Theories about analyzing social interaction
- social construction of reality
2 ethnomethodogy - impress management and dramaturgy
- social exchange and game theory
preindustrial society
society that directly uses, modifies and or tills the land as major means of survival
- foraging societies
- pastoral societies
- horticultural societies
- agricultural societies
Foraging Society
- economic base: hunting & foraging
- role differentiation based on gender
Pastoral society
- economic base: domestication of animals
- endless searches for fresh grazing grounds
- role: differentiation based on gender
horticultural societies
- economic base: hand tools used on land
- practice ancestor worship and conceive of a deity or deities as creators
- establish relatively permanent settlements and villages
- role differentiation: farmer, trader, craftsperson
agricultural society
-economic system that relies on large scale farming using plows harnessed to animals creates a rigid caste system
industrial society
society that uses machines and other advanced technologies to produce and distribute goods and services
family wage economy
families become dependent on wages to support themselves but work within the family is unpaid therefore increasingly devalued
postindustrial society
info based societies where technology plays a vital role in social organizations
group
- interact & communicate w each other
- share goals & norms
- have subject awareness of themselves as “we “ in a unit
Social categories
people sharing common characteristics
- race
- gender
status
established position in social structure that carries a degree or prestige with them
status set
complete set of statuses occupied by a person at a given time
status inconsistency
excise where the statuses occupied by a person bring with them significantly different amounts of prestige and thus differing expectation
achieved status
attained by virtue of individual effort
ascribed status
occupied form the moment a person is born
passing
presenting yourself as a member of a different racial or ethnic group that the one born into
master status
dom. status that overrides all other features of the person’s identity
role
behavior others expect form a person associated with a particular status
role modeling
process where we imitate the behavior of someone we like in a particular role
role set
all roles occupied at any given time
role conflict
conflict between roles connected to 2 or more statuses
role strain
tension among roles connected to a single status
Nonvirbal communication
- form of social interaction and can be seen in various social patterns
- influenced by social forces
- meanings of nonverbal communication depending heavily on race, ethnicity , social class, and gender
tactile communication
communicating through touching,
strongly influenced by gender
proxemic communication
around of space between interacting people
imprinting
phenomenon seen in newborn animals who attach themselves to the first living creature they encounter, even if its another species
mere exposure effect
the more you see someone, in person or photograph, the more you like him or her
social construction of reality
idea that our perception of what is real is determined by the subjective meaning that we attribute to an experience,
a principle central to symbolic interaction
definition of the situation
when we observe the context in which we find ourselves, then adjust out attitudes and perceptions accordingly
(perceptions of reality are determined by this)
ethnomethodology
deliberately disrupting social norms and observing how individuals attempt to restore normalcy
background expectations
norms for behavior that they carry with them into situations of interaction
impression management
precess which people control how others perceive them
dramaturgy model
a way of analyzing interaction that assumes the participants are actors on a stage in the drama of everyday social life
restore face
elimination conditions causing embarrassment
social exchange model
interactions are determined by the rewards or punishments that we receive from others
social profit
reward exceeds the punishment then the interaction will likely continue.
