Retroperitoneal Structures and Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Contents of Retroperitoneal Space

A

Part of the duodenum, most of the pancreas, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, suprarenal glands, major vessels, some muscles

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2
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal organs

A

duodenum, pancreas, portions of colon

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3
Q

Layers of retroperitoneal Fascia

A

parietal peritoneum (anteriorly), transversalis fascia (laterally), thoracolumbar fascia (posteirorly), renal fascia to surround suprarenal glands, kidneys, ureters, major vessels, and fat.

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4
Q

Perinephric fat

A

Bury the suprarenal/adrenal glands

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5
Q

Relationship of kidneys to ribs

A

Left kidney–> 11th and 12th ribs

Right kidney–> 12th rib only, more inferior

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6
Q

function of renal medulla

A

Concentration of urine

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7
Q

Flow from renal papilla to ureter

A

renal papilla–> minor calyces–> major calyces–> renal pelvis–> ureter

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8
Q

Course of ureters

A

Course along transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, cross the external iliac arteries, enter the posterolateral wall of the bladder

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9
Q

Blood supply of suprarenal glands

A

Superior suprarenal artery from inferior phrenic artery, middle suprarenal artery from aorta, and inferior suprarenal artery from renal artery

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10
Q

Branches of renal artery

A

inferior suprarenal artery, gonadal artery, arteries to ureter

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11
Q

Nutcracker syndrome

A

Congenital compression of left renal vein between the SMA and aorta. Can cause renal hypertension, swelling/pain in gonads,

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12
Q

Posterior abdominal wall muscles

A

Quadratus lumborum, psoas major, iliac, psoas minor

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13
Q

Innervation of quadratus lumborum

A

Ventral rami of T12, L1-L4

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14
Q

Innervation of psoas major

A

Lumbar plexus branches L2-L4

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15
Q

Positive psoas sign

A

Pain on contraction of psoas major can support diagnosis of inflamed appendix

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16
Q

Innervation of iliacus muscle

A

Femoral nerve L2-L4

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17
Q

Innervation of psoas minor muscle

A

lumbar peux branches L2-L4

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18
Q

Action of psoas minor

A

Weak flexor of trunk

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19
Q

Action of iliacus muscle

A

flexion, lateral rotation of the hip

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20
Q

Action of psoas major muscle

A

flexion, lateral rotation at the hip, lateral bending, flexion of trunk

21
Q

Action of quadratus lumborum

A

Lateral bending of trunk

22
Q

Origin of quadratus lumborum

A

Iliac crest

23
Q

Origin of iliacus muscle

A

iliac fossa

24
Q

Insertion of iliacus

A

lesser trochanter of femur

25
Insertion of psoas major
lesser trochanter of femur
26
Insertion of diaphragm
Central tendon
27
Lateral arcuate ligament
Passage of quadratus lumborum, subcostal neurovascular bundle
28
Medial arcuate ligament
Passage of psoas major, sympathetic trunk
29
Median arcuate ligament
forms aortic hiatus
30
Caval foramen
passageway for IVC at T8
31
Esophageal hiatus
esophagus, vagal trunks at T10
32
Aortic hiatus
aorta, thoracic duct at level of T12
33
Venous drainage of left gonadal vein
goes to left renal vein then to IVC
34
Venous drainage of ascending lumbar vein
goes to azygos/hemiazygos vein
35
Renal Fascia
surrounds kidney, suprarenal glands, ureters, major vessels, and fat
36
Medulla of adrenal glands
Target for preganglionic sympathetic fibers. It's like a ganglion that secretes hormones.
37
Right adrenal gland
pyramid shaped, positioned between kidney and IVC, also in contact with bare area of liver.
38
Left adrenal gland
crescent shaped, sits right behind the body of the stomach, tucked behind the spleen, splenic artery, pancreas and stomach.
39
Venous drainage of kidney
Not a digestive organ so it does NOT go to the liver. It goes to IVC.
40
Function of kidney
excretion of waste, excess solutes, resorption of nutrients, critical role in maintaining blood volume and pressure.
41
What passes through the hilum of the kidney
renal artery, renal vein, ureter, nerves, and lymphatics
42
Blood supply to kidneys
Renal artery from aorta branches to segmental arteries (usually 5), then further subdivided into interlobar arteries.
43
Right renal artery relationship to IVC
Passes posterior to IVC
44
Inferior phrenic arteries
Branch off of abdominal aorta and supply diaphragm from inferior surface as well as adrenal glands
45
Middle suprarenal arteries
come right off of aorta?
46
Inferior suprarenal arteries
come off of renal artery
47
Location of the left renal vein
crosses over aorta, beneath superior mesenteric artery
48
right suprarenal veins
drain directly to IVC
49
left suprarenal veins
drain to renal vein then to IVC