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Peritoneum > Perineum: External Genitalia and UG Triangle > Flashcards

Perineum: External Genitalia and UG Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are found in the body of the penis

A

NONE

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2
Q

What composes the root of the penis?

A

Bulb and crura of penis and the muscles that cover them.

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3
Q

Where does the root of the penis attach?

A

In the superficial perineal pouch

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4
Q

Which part of the penis contains the external urethral orifice?

A

The glans of the penis

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5
Q

Describe the communication between the corpora cavernous penis

A

There is an incomplete separation between the two cavernous tissue to allow equal blood flow and thus a bilateral erectile state.

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6
Q

Is the corpus spongiosum found on the ventral or dorsal side

A

The ventral side.

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7
Q

What does the tunica albuginea of the penis surround?

A

The corpora cavernous and corpus spongiosum tissues.

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8
Q

What is found in the corpus spongiosum of the penis?

A

The spongy urethra.

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9
Q

Describe engorgement of blood flow in the corpus spongiosum

A

It does not become as engorged as the corpora cavernous in order to allow patency for passage of ejaculate.

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10
Q

What underlies the prepuce (foreskin)

A

corona and neck of glans penis

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11
Q

Frenulum of prepuce (penis)

A

median fold that passes from the deep layer of the prepuce to the urethral surface of the glans.

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12
Q

Does darts fascia cover the glans of the penis?

A

No.

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13
Q

Arterial supply to scrotum

A

Anterior scrotal arteries from terminal branches of external pudendal artery
Posterior scrotal arteries from branches of the perineal artery

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14
Q

Innervation of scrotum

A

Anterior scrotal nerves are branches from the ilioinguinal nerve and genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Posterior scrotal nerves are branches of the superficial perineal nerve from the pudendal nerve and the perineal branch of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh.

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15
Q

Contents of the spermatic cord

A

ductus deferens, testicular artery, artery to ductus deferens, testicular vein, internal spermatic plexus, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, lymphatics

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16
Q

Where does the left testicular vein drain to

A

The left renal vein

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17
Q

Where does the right testicular vein drain to

A

the IVC

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18
Q

Where does the round ligament of the liver end

A

the labia majora

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19
Q

anterior labial commissure

A

location where the labia majora join anteriorly

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20
Q

posterior labial commissure

A

location where labia major joint posteriorly forming posterior extent of the vulva. Usually disappears after the first vaginal birth.

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21
Q

Frenulum of labia minor (fourchette)

A

location where labia minorus from each side meet in the midline posteriorly.

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22
Q

Frenulum of the clitoris

A

medial laminae of each labia minors unite in midline anteriorly.

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23
Q

Prepuce of clitoris

A

lateral laminae of each labia minors unite anterior to the glans of the clitoris

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24
Q

What type of tissue is the clitoris composed of?

A

Corpora cavernosa

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25
Q

Components of clitoris

A

Root and body

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26
Q

Where do 2 crura of clitoris attach

A

Ischiopubic rami

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27
Q

Where is the root of the clitoris found

A

superficial perineal pouch

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28
Q

What opens into the vestibule of the vagina

A

external urethral orifice and vaginal orifice, and openings of the greater and lesser vestibular glands.

29
Q

Arterial supply to the vulva

A

anterior and posterior labial arteries

30
Q

Innervation of the vulva

A

anterior and posterior labial arteries

31
Q

Which vein lies just deep to the skin and darts fascia

A

superficial dorsal vein

32
Q

Where does the superficial dorsal vein drain

A

The external pudendal veins or tributaries of the internal pudendal veins

33
Q

Which vein lies deep to Bucks fascia

A

deep dorsal vein

34
Q

Where does the deep dorsal vein drain

A

clitoris–> vesical venous plexus

penis–> prostatic venous plexus

35
Q

What lies just lateral to the deep dorsal vein

A

The dorsal artery of the penis/clitoris

36
Q

What lies lateral to the dorsal artery of the penis?

A

Dorsal nerve.

37
Q

Vein that drains erectile bodies

A

deep dorsal vein

38
Q

What type of fibers compose the dorsal nerve

A

Primarily somatic sensory fibers. May contain some postganglionic sympathetic fibers.

39
Q

What covers the urogenital hiatus

A

urogenital triangle

40
Q

What divides the superficial and deep pouch

A

perineal membrane

41
Q

Layers of the UG triangle

A

skin, subcutaneous fascia-superficial fatty layer-Colles fascia, superficial perineal pouch, perineal membrane, deep perineal pouch, inferior surface of pelvic diaphragm

42
Q

What is the superficial fatty layer of the superficial perineal fascia continuous with?

A

Camper’s fascia and ischioanal fat

43
Q

Is the superficial fatty layer thicker in males or females

A

Females. It composes the labia majorus and mons pubis.

44
Q

What is Colles’ fascia continuous with

A

Scarpa’s fascia in both males an females

Dartos fascia over penis and scrotum in males

45
Q

Attachments of Colles fascia

A

attaches posteriorly to perineal membrane and perineal body. It does not extend into anal triangle. Laterally attaches to the ischiopubic rami and fuses with fascia lata of thigh.

46
Q

Boundaries of superficial perineal pouch

A

perineal membrane and Colles fascia.

47
Q

Contents of male superficial perineal pouch

A

Root of penis, crura of penis, ischiocavernous muscle, bulb of penis, bulbospongiousus muscle, perineal artery, superficial and deep perineal nerves, superficial transverse perineal muscles, deep investing perineal fascia.

48
Q

Contents of female superficial perineal pouch

A

Vestibular bulbs, bulbospongiosus muscle, crura of clitoris, ischocavernous muscles, Bartholin glands, Skene’s glands, perineal artery, superficial and deep perineal nerves, superficial transverse perineal muscles, deep investing perineal fascia.

49
Q

Where do the ducts of the Skene’s glands open

A

into the vestibule between the urethra and vagina.

50
Q

Function of ischiocavernous muscle

A

maintain erect state by forcing blood from cavernous spaces within the crura into distal parts of corpora cavernous. Also compresses venous outflor of the penis/clitoris through the tributaries of the deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris.

51
Q

Function of bulbospongiosus muscle

A

assist in erection by increasing the pressure on the erectile tissue and compressing venous drainage.

52
Q

What perforates the perineal membrane

A

the urethra in males and females, the vagina in females.

53
Q

Why does the perineal membrane have an anterior defect

A

To allow for drainage of the deep dorsal vein of the penis/clitoris into the pelvis and for accompanying cavernous nerves.

54
Q

What converges at the perineal body

A

bulbospongiosus, external anal sphincter, superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles, external urethral sphincter, levator ani, and muscular portion of rectum.

55
Q

Boundaries of deep perineal pouch

A

inferiorly the perineal membrane, laterally the fascia of obturator interns, and superiorly by inferior fascia of pelvic diaphragm.

56
Q

Contents of deep perineal pouch

A

External urethral sphincter, deep transverse perineal muscles, bulbourethral glands (only in males), dorsal artery and nerve of penis/clitorsi

57
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

Ducts pierce the perineal membrane to drain into the spongy urethra. It secretes non-viscous material into the urethra before and during ejaculation to combine with sperm, seminal vesicle fluid and prostatic fluid to create semen.

58
Q

4 parts of the male urethra

A

intramural or preprostatic urethra, prostatic urethra, intermediate urethra, spongy urethra

59
Q

What artery supplies the inferior portion of the anal canal, anal sphincters, and perianal skin

A

Inferior rectal artery

60
Q

What artery runs through the corpus spongiosum

A

artery to the bulb proximally, then the deep central artery of penis/clitoris.

61
Q

Primary artery for erection

A

Deep artery of penis/clitoris

62
Q

Terminal branches of deep artery of penis/clitoris

A

Helicine arteries

63
Q

What artery pierces the perineal membrane and emerges on the dorsal surface of the penis or clitoris on either side of the deep dorsal vein

A

Dorsal artery of the penis/clitoris

64
Q

Where does lymph of skin and subcutaneous tissue of perineum drain

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

65
Q

Where does lymph of deep structures of perineum drain

A

deep inguinal nodes–> lumbar nodes?

66
Q

What fibers are contained in the pudendal nerve

A

somatic sensory, somatic motor, postganglionic sympathetic fibers.

67
Q

Branches of pudendal nerve

A

inferior rectal nerves, perineal nerve, dorsal nerve of penis

68
Q

Branches of perineal nerve

A

Superficial perineal nerve and deep perineal nerve

69
Q

Parasympathetic nerves of genitalis

A

Cavernous nerves.

Peritoneum (9 decks)

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