Embryology

Question 1

Endodermal derivatives of gut tube

Answer 1

epithelium and glands

Question 2

Mesodermal derivatives of gut tube

Answer 2

connective tissue and muscle of gut

Question 3

Blood supply to foregut

Answer 3

Celiac artery

Question 4

Blood supply to midgut

Answer 4

superior mesenteric artery

Question 5

Blood supply to hindgut

Answer 5

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 6

Innervation of foregut

Answer 6

Vagus nerve

Question 7

Innervation of midgut

Answer 7

Vagus nerve

Question 8

Innervation of hindgut

Answer 8

pelvic splanchnic nerves from S2,S3, and S4

Question 9

Adult derivatives of the foregut

Answer 9

pharynx, lower respiratory system, esophagus, stomach, superior half of duodenum, liver, biliary system, and pancreas

Question 10

Innervation of ventral wall of stomach

Answer 10

left vagus nerve

Question 11

Innervation of dorsal wall of stomach

Answer 11

right vagus nerve

Question 12

Which wall of the stomach grows faster?

Answer 12

The dorsal stomach wall grows faster than the ventral wall, resulting in greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach

Question 13

What does the dorsal mesogastrium form in the adult

Answer 13

Greater momentum, gastrosplenic, and splenorenal ligaments in the adult

Question 14

How is the omental bursa formed

Answer 14

From rotation of the dorsal mesogastrium. It is located dorsal to the stomach

Question 15

epiploic foramen

Answer 15

Communication between lesser and greater sac

Question 16

Ventral mesogastrium

Answer 16

Becomes the lesser omentum in the adult

Question 17

What two structures form the duodenum

Answer 17

Caudal foregut and cranial midgut

Question 18

Where does the attachment of the bile duct occur?

Answer 18

Just proximal to the junction of the foregut and midgut duodenal segments

Question 19

Effects of rotation of the stomach

Answer 19

Secondary retroperitoneal placement of pancreas, formation of omental bursa, stretching of dorsal mesogastrium, rotates duodenal loop to the right pushing pancreas and duodenum into a secondarily retroperitoneal position.

Question 20

Effect of duodenal rotation

Answer 20

Carries ventral pancreatic bud posterior to the dorsal bud and they fuse, pancreas becomes secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 21

Ventral pancreatic bud

Answer 21

Becomes part of pancreatic head, uncinate process, and most of main pancreatic duct

Question 22

Dorsal pancreatic bud

Answer 22

Forms everything the ventral bud doesn’t

Question 23

Hepatic Diverticulum

Answer 23

Divides into cranial portion that forms the liver, and caudal portion that forms the gallbladder and cystic duct

Question 24

Ventral mesentery

Answer 24

most of it regresses, but also gives rise to lesser omentum, falciform ligament, and its visceral peritoneum

Question 25

Midgut derivatives

Answer 25

Most of small intestine, cecum and vermiform appendix, ascending colon, right half of transverse colon

Question 26

Cranial limb of midgut loop

Answer 26

Forms jejunum and upper ileum

Question 27

Caudal limb of midgut

Answer 27

lower ileum, ascending colon and proximal 1/2 of transverse colon

Question 28

Cecal Diverticulum

Answer 28

appears on caudal limb of midgut and develops into cecum and vermiform appendix

Question 29

Anomalies of midgut structures

Answer 29

Malrotations of midgut, congenital omphalocele, umbilical hernia, gastroschisis, ileal (Meckel’s) diverticulum

Question 30

Cranial hindgut

Answer 30

Forms distal 1/2 of transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon

Question 31

Terminal end of hindgut

Answer 31

Cloaca, which forms rectum and superior anal canal

Question 32

What is the spleen derived from specifically?

Answer 32

The mesenchymal cells between the layers of the dorsal mesogastrium