Pelvis and Perineum

Question 1

What divides the pelvis into the greater and lesser pelvis

Answer 1

Pelvic brim

Question 2

Pelvic diaphragm

Answer 2

bowl shaped sheet of skeletal muscle that forms the floor of the pelvis and room of the perineum.

Question 3

Bones that form the pelvic girdle

Answer 3

lef and right coxal bones, and sacrum

Question 4

Sacral hiatus

Answer 4

created by the lamina of the S5 vertebrae not fusing

Question 5

Ala of sacrum articulate with what?

Answer 5

They articulate laterally with the posterior surface of a coxal bone.

Question 6

Which one is larger anterior or posterior sacral foramina?

Answer 6

Anterior.

Question 7

Sacro-iliac joint

Answer 7

composed of sacrum and coxal bones

Question 8

What 3 bones form the coxal bone?

Answer 8

ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 9

what forms the ischiopubic rams?

Answer 9

Ramus of ischium and inferior pubic ramus.

Question 10

Where does the sacrospinous ligament attach

Answer 10

ischial spine and sacrum.

Question 11

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach

Answer 11

ischial tuberosity and sacrum

Question 12

What divides the Sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 12

the sacrospinous ligament

Question 13

What divides the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 13

Piriformis muscle

Question 14

What structures exit the greater sciatic foramen?

Answer 14

Piriformis, superior and inferior gluteal nerves, arteries, and veins, sciatic nerve, internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve.

Basically structures that exit lesser pelvis and enter gluteal region and posterior thigh.

Question 15

What structures exit the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 15

Internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, tendon of obturator internus

basically structures leaving pelvis and going to perineum

Question 16

Which part of the pubic bones contributes to the acetabulum

Answer 16

the superior pubic ramus. The inferior pubic ramus contributes to the obturator foramen and ischiopubic ramus

Question 17

Pubic arch

Answer 17

located immediately inferior to the pubic symphysis and formed by the paired ischiopubic rami.

Question 18

Subpubic angle

Answer 18

The breadth of the pubic arch

Question 19

Superior pelvic aperture

Answer 19

AKA Pelvic inlet. Divides the pelvis into an upper greater pelvis and a lower lesser pelvis. Delineated by pelvic brim

Question 20

What forms the pelvic brim

Answer 20

sacral promontory, sacral ala, right and left linea terminalis

Question 21

What forms linea terminalis

Answer 21

pubic crest, pecten pubis, arcuate line of ilium

Question 22

Boundaries of major/greater pelvis

Answer 22

inferior boundary: superior pelvic aperture
lateral boundary: ale of ilium, iliac fossa and crests
posterior boundary S1 vertebrae

Question 23

Pelvic outlet/inferior pelvic aperture bony landmarks

Answer 23

pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, sacrum/coccyx

Question 24

Muscular sheets that close off the inferior pelvic aperture

Answer 24

pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm

Question 25

Minimum anteroposterior diameter (true conjugate)

Answer 25

extends from middle of sacral promontory to the posterosuperior border of the pubic symphysis. It is the narrowest fixed distance through which the baby's head must pass in a vaginal delivery.

Question 26

What is used to measure the true conjugate

Answer 26

diagonal conjugatel. Reach in to sacral promontory and mark where the pubic symphysis hits hand. Subtract 1.5-2 cm.

Question 27

Location between the two farthest points on the pelvic brim

Answer 27

Transverse diameter, largest diameter in the pelvis

Question 28

Distance from the sacroiliac joint to the contralateral iliopubic eminence

Answer 28

oblique diameter

Question 29

Narrowest non-fixed part of the pelvic canal

Answer 29

interspinous distance

Question 30

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 30

sacrum to ischial tuberosity, transforms sciatic notch to sciatic foramen

Question 31

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 31

Sacrum to ischial spine. Divides sciatic foramen into greater and lesser sciatic foramen.

Question 32

What muscles cross from greater to lesser pelvis

Answer 32

NONE

Question 33

Muscles of the lesser pelvis

Answer 33

piriformis, obturator internus, pelvic diaphragm levator ani, coccygeus

Question 34

Muscle of levator ani

Answer 34

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

Question 35

What surface does the piriformis form in the surface of the lesser pelvis

Answer 35

the inner deep surface of the lesser pelvis

Question 36

What surface does the performs form in the surface of the lesser foramen

Answer 36

it forms the muscular wall for the anterolateral walls of the lesser pelvis

Question 37

Tendinous arch of the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 37

Formed by deep fascia of obturator fascia.

Question 38

What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 38

Levator ani and coccygeus muscle. They meed on the midline at median raphe to form the pelvic floor. This separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum.

Question 39

anterior boundary of perineum

Answer 39

pubic symphysis

Question 40

anterolateral boundary of perineum

Answer 40

ischiopubic rami

Question 41

lateral boundary of perineum

Answer 41

ischial tuberosities

Question 42

posterolateral boundary of perineum

Answer 42

sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 43

posterior boundary of perineum

Answer 43

inferior sacrum and coccyx

Question 44

superior boundary of perineum

Answer 44

inferior aspect of pelvic diaphragm

Question 45

Lateral boundary of ischioanal fossa

Answer 45

ischium and obturator internus muscle

Question 46

medial boundary of ischioanal fossa

Answer 46

anal canal, external anal sphincter, and inferior surface of levator ani.

Question 47

posterior boundary of ischioanal fossa

Answer 47

sacrotuberous ligament and gluteus maximus muscle

Question 48

anterior boundary of ischioanal fossa

Answer 48

body of pubic bone

Question 49

Base of ischioanal fossa

Answer 49

perianal skin

Question 50

apex of ischioanal fossa

Answer 50

lies superiorly where elevator Dani muscles arise from obturator fascia

Question 51

contents of ischioanal fossa

Answer 51

tough fibrous bands of connective tissue, fat, inferior rectal vessels and nerve, internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve.

Question 52

Which component of the perineum is the pudendal canal located in?

Answer 52

It runs along the lateral wall of the ischio-anal fossa. It runs from the lesser sciatic notch and goes to the posterior edge of the perineal membrane.