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Peritoneum > Pelvis and Perineum > Flashcards

Pelvis and Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the pelvis into the greater and lesser pelvis

A

Pelvic brim

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2
Q

Pelvic diaphragm

A

bowl shaped sheet of skeletal muscle that forms the floor of the pelvis and room of the perineum.

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3
Q

Bones that form the pelvic girdle

A

lef and right coxal bones, and sacrum

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4
Q

Sacral hiatus

A

created by the lamina of the S5 vertebrae not fusing

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5
Q

Ala of sacrum articulate with what?

A

They articulate laterally with the posterior surface of a coxal bone.

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6
Q

Which one is larger anterior or posterior sacral foramina?

A

Anterior.

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7
Q

Sacro-iliac joint

A

composed of sacrum and coxal bones

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8
Q

What 3 bones form the coxal bone?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

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9
Q

what forms the ischiopubic rams?

A

Ramus of ischium and inferior pubic ramus.

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10
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament attach

A

ischial spine and sacrum.

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11
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach

A

ischial tuberosity and sacrum

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12
Q

What divides the Sciatic foramen into the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

the sacrospinous ligament

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13
Q

What divides the greater sciatic foramen

A

Piriformis muscle

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14
Q

What structures exit the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Piriformis, superior and inferior gluteal nerves, arteries, and veins, sciatic nerve, internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve.

Basically structures that exit lesser pelvis and enter gluteal region and posterior thigh.

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15
Q

What structures exit the lesser sciatic foramen

A

Internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve, tendon of obturator internus

basically structures leaving pelvis and going to perineum

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16
Q

Which part of the pubic bones contributes to the acetabulum

A

the superior pubic ramus. The inferior pubic ramus contributes to the obturator foramen and ischiopubic ramus

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17
Q

Pubic arch

A

located immediately inferior to the pubic symphysis and formed by the paired ischiopubic rami.

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18
Q

Subpubic angle

A

The breadth of the pubic arch

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19
Q

Superior pelvic aperture

A

AKA Pelvic inlet. Divides the pelvis into an upper greater pelvis and a lower lesser pelvis. Delineated by pelvic brim

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20
Q

What forms the pelvic brim

A

sacral promontory, sacral ala, right and left linea terminalis

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21
Q

What forms linea terminalis

A

pubic crest, pecten pubis, arcuate line of ilium

22
Q

Boundaries of major/greater pelvis

A

inferior boundary: superior pelvic aperture
lateral boundary: ale of ilium, iliac fossa and crests
posterior boundary S1 vertebrae

23
Q

Pelvic outlet/inferior pelvic aperture bony landmarks

A

pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, sacrotuberous ligaments, sacrum/coccyx

24
Q

Muscular sheets that close off the inferior pelvic aperture

A

pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm

25
Q

Minimum anteroposterior diameter (true conjugate)

A

extends from middle of sacral promontory to the posterosuperior border of the pubic symphysis. It is the narrowest fixed distance through which the baby’s head must pass in a vaginal delivery.

26
Q

What is used to measure the true conjugate

A

diagonal conjugatel. Reach in to sacral promontory and mark where the pubic symphysis hits hand. Subtract 1.5-2 cm.

27
Q

Location between the two farthest points on the pelvic brim

A

Transverse diameter, largest diameter in the pelvis

28
Q

Distance from the sacroiliac joint to the contralateral iliopubic eminence

A

oblique diameter

29
Q

Narrowest non-fixed part of the pelvic canal

A

interspinous distance

30
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

sacrum to ischial tuberosity, transforms sciatic notch to sciatic foramen

31
Q

Sacrospinous ligament

A

Sacrum to ischial spine. Divides sciatic foramen into greater and lesser sciatic foramen.

32
Q

What muscles cross from greater to lesser pelvis

A

NONE

33
Q

Muscles of the lesser pelvis

A

piriformis, obturator internus, pelvic diaphragm levator ani, coccygeus

34
Q

Muscle of levator ani

A

puborectalis, pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus

35
Q

What surface does the piriformis form in the surface of the lesser pelvis

A

the inner deep surface of the lesser pelvis

36
Q

What surface does the performs form in the surface of the lesser foramen

A

it forms the muscular wall for the anterolateral walls of the lesser pelvis

37
Q

Tendinous arch of the pelvic diaphragm

A

Formed by deep fascia of obturator fascia.

38
Q

What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm

A

Levator ani and coccygeus muscle. They meed on the midline at median raphe to form the pelvic floor. This separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum.

39
Q

anterior boundary of perineum

A

pubic symphysis

40
Q

anterolateral boundary of perineum

A

ischiopubic rami

41
Q

lateral boundary of perineum

A

ischial tuberosities

42
Q

posterolateral boundary of perineum

A

sacrotuberous ligaments

43
Q

posterior boundary of perineum

A

inferior sacrum and coccyx

44
Q

superior boundary of perineum

A

inferior aspect of pelvic diaphragm

45
Q

Lateral boundary of ischioanal fossa

A

ischium and obturator internus muscle

46
Q

medial boundary of ischioanal fossa

A

anal canal, external anal sphincter, and inferior surface of levator ani.

47
Q

posterior boundary of ischioanal fossa

A

sacrotuberous ligament and gluteus maximus muscle

48
Q

anterior boundary of ischioanal fossa

A

body of pubic bone

49
Q

Base of ischioanal fossa

A

perianal skin

50
Q

apex of ischioanal fossa

A

lies superiorly where elevator Dani muscles arise from obturator fascia

51
Q

contents of ischioanal fossa

A

tough fibrous bands of connective tissue, fat, inferior rectal vessels and nerve, internal pudendal vessels, pudendal nerve.

52
Q

Which component of the perineum is the pudendal canal located in?

A

It runs along the lateral wall of the ischio-anal fossa. It runs from the lesser sciatic notch and goes to the posterior edge of the perineal membrane.

Peritoneum (9 decks)

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