Retrival Failure

Question 1

Describe encoding specificity principle

Answer 1

If a cue is to help us recall it must be present when encoding

Question 2

What are the 2 types of cues

Answer 2

1. Context dependant forgetting

2. State-dependant forgetting

Question 3

Describe research into state-dependant

Answer 3

Cassaday (1998)

1. Gave participants anti-histamines which have a mild sedative effect.
2. Creates an internal psychological state different from normal
3. Recall was worse where there was a mismatch between learning and recall

Question 4

Research into context-dependant

Answer 4

Godden and Baddely (1975)

1. Gave divers lists of words
2. Recall 40% worse in mismatched encoding/ recall conditions

Question 5

Strength of retrieval failure

Answer 5

Lots of supporting evidence from lab studies

Question 6

Problem with context-dependant research

Answer 6

Limits real life application

Question 7

Recall v recognition

Answer 7

Baddely repeated experiment with Recognition rather than recall 
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No context-dependant forgetting 
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Might only apply to some kinds of memory