Retrieval Practice and Encoding Flashcards
1
Q
factors that optimize memory
A
- trying to maximize memory over short delay can lead to poor long-term retention
- overestimation of learning
- optimal learning requires “desirable difficulties”
2
Q
factors that maximize long-term retention
A
- retrieval as a way to learning
- tests are best way to retain information
- spaced practice
3
Q
The Generation Effect
A
- generative recall is a better way to learn something than just re-presenting the learning material
4
Q
Experiment testing the generation effect
A
Conditions: -Read- synonym -read- rhyme -generate-synonym -generate rhyme Results: -synonym better than rhyme -generate better than read
5
Q
Power of Retrieval as encoding event
-Roedicer and Karpike
A
Conditions: -SSSS (4 x study) -SSST (3 x study, test) - STTT(study, 3 x test) Tested (Judgment of learning, free recall) -5 minutes later -1 week later JOL: -believe they learn more from repeated exposure Free Recall: -at 5 minute: -SSSS, SSST, STTT -at one week: -STTT, SSST, SSSS - STTT condition retained almost everything they learned at one week later
6
Q
Takeaway from Power of retrieval
A
- testing promotes better learning
7
Q
Roediger and Karpicke (2008) studying and testing (what to study)
A
-participants learn Swahili words and english translation
-Conditions
-ST: study and test all items
-SnT:study non-recalled, test all
-STn: study all, test non-recall
-SnTn study and test non-recall
Results:
-studying information you already know without testing is ineffective (ST=STn)
-being tested once isn’t as evvective as repeated testing (SnT >SnTn)