restrictive lung disease Flashcards
what is restrictive lung disease ?
disease where there is a reduced ability of the lungs to expand and take in air.
what can restrictive lung disease be due to ?
reduced elasticity of the lung
impairment of the chest wall expanding
what are the two types of restrictive lung disease ?
intrinsic - problem is within lung
extrinsic - problem is outside the lung
what is the main type of intrinsic cause of restrictive lung disease ?
interstitial lung disease
why does extrinsic lung disease occur ?
restrictive spirometry
obesity
kyphosis
neuromuscular disease
what is interstitial lung disease ?
a group of lung disorders, characterised by inflammation and fibrosis, that make it hard for the lungs to get enough oxygen
how would a patients spirometry appear ?
include FVC, ratio etc.
present with a restrictive pattern on spirometry
FVC is reduced while FEV1 is proportionally normal
FEV1/FEV ratio is normal or may even be increased
what are the main symptoms of interstitial lung disease ?
breathlessness and a dry cough
usually progressive
what is the most common interstitial lung disease ?
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
what is the definition of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ?
progressive pulmonary fibrosis with no clear cause.
where is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis common ?
in smokers
usually affects those over 50
how does idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis present clinically and on examination ?
breathlessness and dry cough
on examination:
finger clubbing
bi-basal fine inspiratory crackles
what is first line diagnosis for IPF and what are the findings ?
CXR - lung infiltrates, fibrotic shadowing at periphery and bases of lungs
what is the second line diagnosis for IPF and what are the findings ?
high resolution CT thorax - classic ‘honeycomb’ appearance
what is the gold standard diagnostic test for IPF and what are the findings ?
lung biopsy
findings - destructive fibrosis with no/minimal inflammatory signs)
