Restorative - Week 6 Midterm Review

Question 1

Correct term for the prolonged loss of feeling

Answer 1

Parasthesia

Question 2

What is used in a local anesthetic to prolong anesthesia?

Answer 2

epinephrine

Question 3

Where do you place topical for a nasopalatine injection?

Answer 3

lingual of 2.1 and 1.1

Question 4

What nerve anesthetizes the 2.2?

Answer 4

Anterior Superior Alveolar

Question 5

What does a Material Safety Data Sheet provide you with?

Answer 5

physical & chemical properties
-safety guidelines
-safe handling

Question 6

Following Black’s Classification of caries. What is a class 4.6 MOD

Answer 6

Class 2

Question 7

How many stages of anesthesia?

Answer 7

4 stages

Question 8

What quads would you use clam 13A for?p

Answer 8

1 and 3

Question 9

If the 2.3 is lingually misaligned how would you adjust punching your dam?

Answer 9

lingually 1mm

Question 10

On the directive for dental dam what does inverting the dam do?

Answer 10

creates a seal to prevent leakage of saliva

Question 11

What kind of sedation creates a stage 1 anesthesia with a combination of N2O O2 gas?

Answer 11

Inhalation Sedation

Question 12

How long does topical anesthetic effects last?

Answer 12

15 minutes

Question 13

Methods of classifying cavities using Black’s classification.

Answer 13

Class 1 – 6
Simple, conservative, comprehensive

Question 14

List procedures used to diagnose decay.

Answer 14

Clinical observation (visual), X-rays, explorer, laser caries detector, indicator dyes,

Question 15

Describe the DA’s role in understanding dental materials.

Answer 15

 A dental assistant must be able to describe the behavior of the materials - to avoid potential emergencies ( example: review medial history and if any contraindications present, do not use the products … if you have allergy to latex to do work with latex gloves)
 Handle the materials safely – wear PPE, read MSDS sheets prior to 1st use.
 Assess and prepare materials prior to treating patients. - Monitor expiry dates, follow manufacture instructions when mixing materials.
 Provide patients with education with regards to the materials. For example, Why are you placing on the dental dam vs using cotton rolls for isolation?

Question 16

Agent that provides a temporary numbing effect on nerve endings located on the surface of the oral mucosa are

Answer 16

Topical anesthetic

Question 17

For today’s products, an ointment type of topical anesthetic should remain on the site of injection for a minimum and maximum of _______ to have optimum effectiveness.

Answer 17

15/30 seconds and 2 mins

Question 18

_____ is added to a local anesthetic agent to slow down the intake of the agent and increase the duration of action.

Answer 18

A vasoconstrictor

Question 19

The time from when the local anesthetic takes complete effect until the complete reversal of anesthesia is the _____ of the anesthetic agent.

Answer 19

Duration

Question 20

A short-acting local anesthetic agent can last from _____ minutes.

Answer 20

60 to 180 minutes

Question 21

_____ is achieved by injecting the anesthetic solution directly into the tissue at the site of the dental procedure and is generally used on the maxillary teeth.

Answer 21

infiltration anesthesia

Question 22

_____ anesthesia is frequently used on the mandibular teeth and is injected near a major nerve that numbs the entire area served by that nerve branch.

Answer 22

Block

Question 23

The _____ of the anesthetic syringe locks into the rubber stopper of the anesthetic cartridge so that the stopper can be retracted by pulling back on the piston rod.

Answer 23

Harpoon

Question 24

The lengths of the needles used in dentistry are:

Answer 24

1 inch and 1-5/8 inches

Question 25

What size of needled used for infiltration?

Answer 25

1-inch needle

Question 26

What size of needed used for block anesthesia?

Answer 26

1-5/8-inch needle

Question 27

The gauge of a needle refers to the thickness of the needle; the larger the gauge, the ____ the needle.

Answer 27

thinner

Question 28

During the loading of an anesthetic syringe, the ______ is loaded first.

Answer 28

anesthetic cartidge

Question 29

To be certain the anesthetic solution is not injected into a blood vessel, the dentist:

Answer 29

a. uses an aspirating syringe.
b. always aspirates before depositing any solution.

Question 30

_____ is a condition in which numbness remains after the effects of the local anesthetic solutions should have worn off.

Answer 30

Parasthesia

Question 31

What type of injection technique would the dentist most frequently use on tooth 1.1?

Answer 31

Infiltration

Question 32

What nerve is anesthetized for tooth 3.1?

Answer 32

Insicive nerve block

Question 33

Which type of local anesthetic would be used for a patient with a medical history that indicates a recent myocardial infarction?

Answer 33

Carbocaine plain

Question 34

What drug is considered to be a vasoconstrictor and is added to local anesthetic to prolong its effect?

Answer 34

Epinephrine

Question 35

A ______ inch needle would be used for an anesthetic injection for a procedure for tooth 3.8.

Answer 35

1 5/8inch

Question 36

In patients with an acute infection in a tooth or soft tissue, local anesthetics are not as effective because of an increase

Answer 36

in lymphocytes (white blood cells)

Question 37

Describe the pharmacological indications of inhalation anesthetics used for conscious and unconscious sedation.

Answer 37

Indications inhalation conscious sedation
*For patients with a moderate gag-reflex
*Pediatric patients
*Anxious patients
*Can be used with or in conjunction with local anesthetic for restorations or extractions

Indications inhalation unconscious sedation
*Special needs patients
*Patients or those with movement disorder or with physical and/or mental disability who are unlikely to otherwise allow safe completion of treatment

Question 38

Describe the pharmacological actions of inhalation anesthetics used for conscious and unconscious sedation.

Answer 38

Actions of inhalation conscious sedation
*Decrease anxiety/and fears.
*Can be used with or in conjunction with local anesthetic for restorations or extractions
*Not good for patients that cannot comply with instructions. Cyanosis develops during use
*Generally safer and easier to monitor patient

Actions of inhalation unconscious sedation
*Patient will not remember the procedure
*Patient will not experience pain during the procedure
*The patient breathes in anesthesia gases that are absorbed by the lungs and delivered via blood stream to the brain and spinal cord.
*Deep sedation may be delivered by an anesthesiologist or anesthetist, and in some cases, a qualified non-anesthesiologist.
*Adverse events such as nausea and medication associated side effects may be present.

Question 39

Describe the pharmacological effects of inhalation anesthetics used for conscious and unconscious sedation.

Answer 39

Effects inhalation conscious sedation
*Relax state of mind and body. ( laughing gas is a common term used in dentistry for nitrous oxide)
*All anesthetic gases increase respiratory rate
*Adversities include infertility, spontaneous abortion, blood dyscrasias (presence of abnormal cells within the blood), and neurologic deficits. – for individuals who are chronically exposed.
*Nausea and vertigo

Effects Indications inhalation unconscious
sedation
*Relax state of mind and body. ( laughing gas is a common term used in dentistry for nitrous oxide)
*All anesthetic gases increase respiratory rate
*Nitrous oxide mildly depresses myocardial contractility
*Adversities include infertility, spontaneous abortion, blood dyscrasias, and neurologic deficits. – for individuals who are chronically exposed.

Question 40

Discuss indications for the use of dental sedations.

Answer 40

*Young infants, children and adolescents who are incapable of remaining motionless and understanding directions.
*In anxious or phobic patients all ages
*For patients with a moderate to severe gag-reflex
*Special needs patients (Patients or those with movement disorder or with physical and/or mental disability who are unlikely to otherwise allow safe completion of treatment)
*A patient for whom profound local anesthesia cannot be obtained.
*A cooperative pediatric (child) undergoing a lengthy dental procedure

Question 41

List contraindications for the use of dental sedations.

Answer 41

*Nitrous oxide -Not recommended for patients that cannot comply with instructions if nitrous oxide is used only. Patient does not require an escort. Full recovery prior dismissal. Escort not required

*Oral sedation (sedative pills).Level of sedation is not always predictable. Side effects of hallucinations may be present. Patient requires an escort.

*IV sedation - Administered via catheter directly into the vein.
Complications can arise at the needle site. Recovery time may not be complete at the end of the procedure. Patient requires an escort.
*Pregnancy staff and the patient
*Nasal obstructions
* Emphysema and Multiple Sclerosis
*Emotional stability

Question 42

The ____ is not strong enough to remove solid debris from the mouth.

Answer 42

Saliva ejector

Question 43

The saliva ejector should be placed ____ the tongue on the ____ where the dentist is working.

Answer 43

under the tongue, opposite side from where the dentist is working

Question 44

The three most common methods used to isolate a specific area of the mouth are…

Answer 44

cotton rolls, dry angles, and the dental dam

Question 45

A cotton roll holder is designed to hold multiple cotton rolls in a more secure manner for the ____ quadrant.

Answer 45

Mandibular

Question 46

A Dry angle isolator is a triangular absorbent pad that is placed on the _____ to block the flow of saliva and to protect the tissues.

Answer 46

buccal mucosa over the Stensen’s duct

Question 47

The dental dam is placed ____ the local anesthetic is administered.

Answer 47

after

Question 48

Dental dams are made of either latex or latex free material and come precut as squares that measure _____ inches.

Answer 48

5 x 5
6 x 6

Question 49

The metal young frame and the otsby frame are placed ____ the dam.

Answer 49

over

Question 50

The dental dam clamp parts include the bow and the jaws. The bow is the rounded portion of the clamp that extends through the dam and is located toward the

Answer 50

distal aspect of the tooth

Question 51

A _____ is a piece of dental floss or dental tape that should always be attached to the dental dam clamp before the clamp is placed in the patient’s mouth.

Answer 51

Ligature

Question 52

The _____ is punched as the largest size hole to accommodate the dental dam clamp that fits on the ____ tooth.

Answer 52

Keypunch hole; anchor

Question 53

The isolation of anterior tooth is usually:

Answer 53

from canine to canine

Question 54

Which of the following is not an advantage of using cotton rolls for isolation

Answer 54

limited retraction

Question 55

When removing cotton roll isolation, the dental assistant must wet the cotton roll before removal because:

Answer 55

a dry cotton roll may stick to lining mucosa and cause injury

Question 56

Most dentists prefer a darker color dental dam because it provides:

Answer 56

good contrast to tooth surface & reduced glare

Question 57

What part of the dental dam clamp encircles the tooth and must be firmly seated to stabilize the clamp?

Answer 57

Jaws

Question 58

There are two methods of dental dam placement. In which method is the clamp placed and then the dental dam is stretched over it?

Answer 58

Two step

Question 59

The purpose of inverting the dental dam into the gingival sulcus is to…..

Answer 59

prevent saliva leakage

Question 60

When holes are punched in the dental dam they are spaced _____ mm between the edges of the holes.

Answer 60

3.0 to 3.5mm

Question 61

The dental dam material between the holes of the punched dam is called the

Answer 61

septum