Restorative - Week 6 Midterm Review Flashcards
Correct term for the prolonged loss of feeling
Parasthesia
What is used in a local anesthetic to prolong anesthesia?
epinephrine
Where do you place topical for a nasopalatine injection?
lingual of 2.1 and 1.1
What nerve anesthetizes the 2.2?
Anterior Superior Alveolar
What does a Material Safety Data Sheet provide you with?
physical & chemical properties
-safety guidelines
-safe handling
Following Black’s Classification of caries. What is a class 4.6 MOD
Class 2
How many stages of anesthesia?
4 stages
What quads would you use clam 13A for?p
1 and 3
If the 2.3 is lingually misaligned how would you adjust punching your dam?
lingually 1mm
On the directive for dental dam what does inverting the dam do?
creates a seal to prevent leakage of saliva
What kind of sedation creates a stage 1 anesthesia with a combination of N2O O2 gas?
Inhalation Sedation
How long does topical anesthetic effects last?
15 minutes
Methods of classifying cavities using Black’s classification.
Class 1 – 6
Simple, conservative, comprehensive
List procedures used to diagnose decay.
Clinical observation (visual), X-rays, explorer, laser caries detector, indicator dyes,
Describe the DA’s role in understanding dental materials.
A dental assistant must be able to describe the behavior of the materials - to avoid potential emergencies ( example: review medial history and if any contraindications present, do not use the products … if you have allergy to latex to do work with latex gloves)
Handle the materials safely – wear PPE, read MSDS sheets prior to 1st use.
Assess and prepare materials prior to treating patients. - Monitor expiry dates, follow manufacture instructions when mixing materials.
Provide patients with education with regards to the materials. For example, Why are you placing on the dental dam vs using cotton rolls for isolation?
Agent that provides a temporary numbing effect on nerve endings located on the surface of the oral mucosa are
Topical anesthetic
For today’s products, an ointment type of topical anesthetic should remain on the site of injection for a minimum and maximum of _______ to have optimum effectiveness.
15/30 seconds and 2 mins
_____ is added to a local anesthetic agent to slow down the intake of the agent and increase the duration of action.
A vasoconstrictor
The time from when the local anesthetic takes complete effect until the complete reversal of anesthesia is the _____ of the anesthetic agent.
Duration
A short-acting local anesthetic agent can last from _____ minutes.
60 to 180 minutes
_____ is achieved by injecting the anesthetic solution directly into the tissue at the site of the dental procedure and is generally used on the maxillary teeth.
infiltration anesthesia
_____ anesthesia is frequently used on the mandibular teeth and is injected near a major nerve that numbs the entire area served by that nerve branch.
Block
The _____ of the anesthetic syringe locks into the rubber stopper of the anesthetic cartridge so that the stopper can be retracted by pulling back on the piston rod.
Harpoon
The lengths of the needles used in dentistry are:
1 inch and 1-5/8 inches
What size of needled used for infiltration?
1-inch needle
What size of needed used for block anesthesia?
1-5/8-inch needle
The gauge of a needle refers to the thickness of the needle; the larger the gauge, the ____ the needle.
thinner
During the loading of an anesthetic syringe, the ______ is loaded first.
anesthetic cartidge
To be certain the anesthetic solution is not injected into a blood vessel, the dentist:
a. uses an aspirating syringe.
b. always aspirates before depositing any solution.
_____ is a condition in which numbness remains after the effects of the local anesthetic solutions should have worn off.
Parasthesia
What type of injection technique would the dentist most frequently use on tooth 1.1?
Infiltration
What nerve is anesthetized for tooth 3.1?
Insicive nerve block
Which type of local anesthetic would be used for a patient with a medical history that indicates a recent myocardial infarction?
Carbocaine plain
What drug is considered to be a vasoconstrictor and is added to local anesthetic to prolong its effect?
Epinephrine
A ______ inch needle would be used for an anesthetic injection for a procedure for tooth 3.8.
1 5/8inch
In patients with an acute infection in a tooth or soft tissue, local anesthetics are not as effective because of an increase
in lymphocytes (white blood cells)
Describe the pharmacological indications of inhalation anesthetics used for conscious and unconscious sedation.
Indications inhalation conscious sedation
*For patients with a moderate gag-reflex
*Pediatric patients
*Anxious patients
*Can be used with or in conjunction with local anesthetic for restorations or extractions
Indications inhalation unconscious sedation
*Special needs patients
*Patients or those with movement disorder or with physical and/or mental disability who are unlikely to otherwise allow safe completion of treatment
Describe the pharmacological actions of inhalation anesthetics used for conscious and unconscious sedation.
Actions of inhalation conscious sedation
*Decrease anxiety/and fears.
*Can be used with or in conjunction with local anesthetic for restorations or extractions
*Not good for patients that cannot comply with instructions. Cyanosis develops during use
*Generally safer and easier to monitor patient
Actions of inhalation unconscious sedation
*Patient will not remember the procedure
*Patient will not experience pain during the procedure
*The patient breathes in anesthesia gases that are absorbed by the lungs and delivered via blood stream to the brain and spinal cord.
*Deep sedation may be delivered by an anesthesiologist or anesthetist, and in some cases, a qualified non-anesthesiologist.
*Adverse events such as nausea and medication associated side effects may be present.
Describe the pharmacological effects of inhalation anesthetics used for conscious and unconscious sedation.
Effects inhalation conscious sedation
*Relax state of mind and body. ( laughing gas is a common term used in dentistry for nitrous oxide)
*All anesthetic gases increase respiratory rate
*Adversities include infertility, spontaneous abortion, blood dyscrasias (presence of abnormal cells within the blood), and neurologic deficits. – for individuals who are chronically exposed.
*Nausea and vertigo
Effects Indications inhalation unconscious
sedation
*Relax state of mind and body. ( laughing gas is a common term used in dentistry for nitrous oxide)
*All anesthetic gases increase respiratory rate
*Nitrous oxide mildly depresses myocardial contractility
*Adversities include infertility, spontaneous abortion, blood dyscrasias, and neurologic deficits. – for individuals who are chronically exposed.
Discuss indications for the use of dental sedations.
*Young infants, children and adolescents who are incapable of remaining motionless and understanding directions.
*In anxious or phobic patients all ages
*For patients with a moderate to severe gag-reflex
*Special needs patients (Patients or those with movement disorder or with physical and/or mental disability who are unlikely to otherwise allow safe completion of treatment)
*A patient for whom profound local anesthesia cannot be obtained.
*A cooperative pediatric (child) undergoing a lengthy dental procedure
List contraindications for the use of dental sedations.
*Nitrous oxide -Not recommended for patients that cannot comply with instructions if nitrous oxide is used only. Patient does not require an escort. Full recovery prior dismissal. Escort not required
*Oral sedation (sedative pills).Level of sedation is not always predictable. Side effects of hallucinations may be present. Patient requires an escort.
*IV sedation - Administered via catheter directly into the vein.
Complications can arise at the needle site. Recovery time may not be complete at the end of the procedure. Patient requires an escort.
*Pregnancy staff and the patient
*Nasal obstructions
* Emphysema and Multiple Sclerosis
*Emotional stability
The ____ is not strong enough to remove solid debris from the mouth.
Saliva ejector
The saliva ejector should be placed ____ the tongue on the ____ where the dentist is working.
under the tongue, opposite side from where the dentist is working
The three most common methods used to isolate a specific area of the mouth are…
cotton rolls, dry angles, and the dental dam
A cotton roll holder is designed to hold multiple cotton rolls in a more secure manner for the ____ quadrant.
Mandibular
A Dry angle isolator is a triangular absorbent pad that is placed on the _____ to block the flow of saliva and to protect the tissues.
buccal mucosa over the Stensen’s duct
The dental dam is placed ____ the local anesthetic is administered.
after
Dental dams are made of either latex or latex free material and come precut as squares that measure _____ inches.
5 x 5
6 x 6
The metal young frame and the otsby frame are placed ____ the dam.
over
The dental dam clamp parts include the bow and the jaws. The bow is the rounded portion of the clamp that extends through the dam and is located toward the
distal aspect of the tooth
A _____ is a piece of dental floss or dental tape that should always be attached to the dental dam clamp before the clamp is placed in the patient’s mouth.
Ligature
The _____ is punched as the largest size hole to accommodate the dental dam clamp that fits on the ____ tooth.
Keypunch hole; anchor
The isolation of anterior tooth is usually:
from canine to canine
Which of the following is not an advantage of using cotton rolls for isolation
limited retraction
When removing cotton roll isolation, the dental assistant must wet the cotton roll before removal because:
a dry cotton roll may stick to lining mucosa and cause injury
Most dentists prefer a darker color dental dam because it provides:
good contrast to tooth surface & reduced glare
What part of the dental dam clamp encircles the tooth and must be firmly seated to stabilize the clamp?
Jaws
There are two methods of dental dam placement. In which method is the clamp placed and then the dental dam is stretched over it?
Two step
The purpose of inverting the dental dam into the gingival sulcus is to…..
prevent saliva leakage
When holes are punched in the dental dam they are spaced _____ mm between the edges of the holes.
3.0 to 3.5mm
The dental dam material between the holes of the punched dam is called the
septum
