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difficult ones > Restorative Art 2 Test 2 > Flashcards

Restorative Art 2 Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The comparative size of the length of the nose to the width of the nose as indicated by its bony skeleton.

Length of nose using bony skeleton combined with the width

A

nasal index

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2
Q

3 racial classifications for the nose

A
  1. Leptorrhine
  2. Mesorrhine
  3. Platyrrhine
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3
Q

one that is shorter in length. Is more broad in width and has MINIMUM PROJECTION. Usually has implications of Africa.

A

Platyrrhine

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4
Q

one that is moderate in length and width. Medium broad and also medium low bridge. Usually has implications of Asia.

A

Messorhine

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5
Q

one that is fairly long in length and narrow in width. Considered to be high bridged. Usually has implications of Europe/Western Europe

A

Leptorrhine

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6
Q

3 Basic Forms….Types or Styles of Nose Profile Forms

A
  1. straight
  2. convex
  3. concave
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7
Q

Greek/Greecian Form. Most common profile

A

straight

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8
Q

Pug. (AKA- Snub, Infantine, Retrousse) Typically able to see into nostrils more easily

A

concave

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9
Q

Roman/Aquiline Form. “Hooked Nose” Curved as the beek of an eagle.

A

convex

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10
Q

anatomy of the nose

A

nasal bones
nasal cavity
nasal spine of the maxilla
major cartilages

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11
Q

major cartilage of the nose

A
  1. septum (one)
  2. superior lateral cartilage (two)
  3. inferior lateral cartilage (two)
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12
Q

vertical cartilage of the nose, divides nasal cavity into two chambers. gives almost all the projection

A

septum

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13
Q

cartilage that meets with nasal bones

A

superior lateral cartilage

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14
Q

long anterior ridge of nose. Extends from inferior margin of forehead to greatest projection near base of the nose (at tip)

A

dorsum

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15
Q

parts of the nose

A
  1. dorsum
  2. root
  3. bridge
  4. wings
  5. columna nasi
  6. anterior nares
  7. sides of nose
  8. protruding lobe of nose
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16
Q

the dorsum is composed of….

A
  1. root
  2. bridge
  3. lobe
  4. tip
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17
Q

concave dip directly inferior to forehead…just below the glabella

A

root

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18
Q

spherical area forming inferior portion of dorsum. joins wings of nose and also the columna nasi. includes tip of nose.

A

lobe

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19
Q

lobe is also known as…

A

protruding lobe

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20
Q

the portion of lobes that join wings of nose…

A

lateral lobes

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21
Q

most inferior part of the nose

A

columna nasi

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22
Q

raised support that spans to areas. arched portion of the nose supported by the nasal bones

A

bridge

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23
Q

Termination point of maximum forward process (projection)

A

tip

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24
Q

external nostril openings…located posteriorly to the base of the nose

A

nares

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25
Q

lateral walls of nose

A

side of nose

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26
Q

base of nose is composed of…

A
  1. underside of protruding lobe
  2. inferior margins of wings of nose
  3. columna nasi
  4. nares
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27
Q

the mouth tends to be…

A

asymmetrical

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28
Q

boundaries of the mouth…

A

from base of nose…
to top of chin….
bound laterally by nasal labial folds

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29
Q

when closing the mouth there should be a gap between the teeth about the thickness of a ______

A

dime

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30
Q

the mouth is the center of….

A

expression

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31
Q

the postmortem adjustment of the ______ and ______ greatly affect the general appearance of the face.

A

jaws

lips

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32
Q

projection of the jaw or jaws beyond the upper part of the face.

A

Prognathism

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33
Q

types of prognathism

A
  1. maxillary
  2. mandibular
  3. dental
  4. alveolar
  5. infra-nasal
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34
Q

the base of the nasal cavity protrudes abnormally. Not only does it affect the base of the nasal cavity, it also affects the upper lip area. Looks like maxilla has protrusion as well as upper lip.

A

Infra-Nasal prognathism

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35
Q

the sockets of the teeth protrude. Typically, it causes the same degree of protrusion in both lips. (Aunt Belle)

A

Alveolar prognathism

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36
Q

the teeth themselves are inserted at an oblique angle. “Buck teeth” It will give the appearance of a receding chin. (may cause more difficult in closing lips)

A

dental prognathism

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37
Q

protrusion of inferior jaw…includes the chin. Goes well beyond the medium of the lip. Sometimes referred to as a “bulldog jaw” (Craig)

A

mandibular prognathism

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38
Q

the superior jaw protrudes…protrusion of the body of the maxilla. Projection is Anterior & Lateral

A

maxillary prognathism

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39
Q

parts of the mouth

A
  1. Superior Integumentary Lip
  2. Inferior Integumentary Lip
  3. Mucous Membranes
  4. superior mucous membrane (upper lip)
  5. inferior mucous membrane (lower lip)
  6. weather line
  7. medial lobe
  8. line of closure
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40
Q

skin portion of the upper lip. From attached margin of upper mucous membrame (the red lip area) to base of the nose.

A

Superior Integumentary Lip

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41
Q

visible red surface of the lips (upper red lip & lower red lip) lower red lip usually lies posteriorly to the upper red lip. The width of the lower lip is less than the top lip, tucks beneath the upper lip at the corners.

A

Mucous Membranes

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42
Q

skin portion of the lower lip. From attached margin of lower mucous membrane and extends down to labial mentus sulcus.

A

Inferior Integumentary Lip

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43
Q

The two red lips (even on the same person) are not identical in ________. In many cases the upper lip is less ______ than the other…even may be changes in color along the _______ of the lip.

A

color
red
width

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44
Q

tiny prominence on the mid-line of the superior mucous membranes

A

Medial Lobe

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45
Q

The corners of the mouth are verically aligned with the ______________________.

A

center of the eye

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46
Q

sometimes _________ of the upper lip is the same as the _______ from the upper red lip to the ______________.

A

thickness
distance
columna nasi

47
Q

typically the lower red lip is _______ than the upper red lip

A

thicker

48
Q

line of color change…the aread at the wet and dry portion of the lip. the exposed area may tend to be lighter in color than the area that stays moist

A

weather line

49
Q

where the two lips meet and form closure

A

line of closure

50
Q

in the line of closure…it gives the appearance of a hunters bow.

A

hunting bow pattern

51
Q

Some markings you may have to recreate on the mouth:

A 
Vertical Lines of the mucous membrane
Philtrum
Angulus Oris
Angulus Oris Sulcus
Angulus Oris Eminence
Labial Sulci (furrow of age)a
52
Q

a state of being twisted or pushed out of natural shape or position. nose may be twisted from its normal alignment by cancer of the cheek, by superficial pressure or by fractures.

A

nasal distortion

53
Q

cancer in one cheek may pull the nose to the opposite side due to natural tension of muscles

A

distortion by cancer

54
Q

treatment of distortion by cancer

A
  1. may be corrected w/ sutures that cross diseased area & secured in healthy tissue
  2. temporary sutures can be used if cancer is to be removed after embalming…then permanent sutures used
55
Q

this may occur if decedent was in a prone position for some time before embalming or may be the result of pressure from a body bag or other facial covering

A

distortion by superficial pressure

56
Q

treatment of distortion by superficial pressure

A
  1. mortuary putty, non-absorbent cotton, or other packing materials inserted into nares.
  2. for mild distortion, light massage or pressure against side of nose during emblaming
57
Q

treatment of distortion by fracture

A
  1. if skin intact, fractured nasal bones may be externally manipulated back into position.
  2. nasal cavity can then be packed w/ mortuary putty, non absorbent cotton, or other packing materials
58
Q

may be result of a feeding tube, endotrachial tube, or other medical device that was in the nares for extended time

A

erosion of nasal tissue

59
Q

treatment of erosion of nasal tissue

A
  1. tissue must be clean, firm, & dry
  2. necrotic tissue may be excised
  3. wax may be used for this type of restoration
60
Q

most common form of distortion in funeral service?

A

distortion by superficial pressure

61
Q

the eye socket…it is about 1 1/2 inches deep

A

orbital cavity

62
Q

margins of the orbital cavity

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. zygomatic bone
  3. maxilla
63
Q

orbital margins

A
  1. superior
  2. lateral
  3. inferior
  4. medial
64
Q

superior rim of the eye socket is known as..

A

supraorbital margin

65
Q

the only rim that has a name…it projects further than any other rim, providing protection to the eyeball

A

superior rim (supraorbital margin)

66
Q

the eyebrow is influenced by the…

A

superior margin

67
Q

_____________________ helps to form the lateral rim.

A

zygomaticofrontal process

68
Q

formed by the extensions of both the zygomatic bone and the frontal bone

A

zygomaticofrontal process

69
Q

forms a concave dip of the orbital cavity.
lies on the side of the head
located posterior to the medial rim due to bilateral curvature of the skull

A

lateral margin of orbital cavity

70
Q

created chiefly by the maxilla and zygomatic bones.
medial end is superior to the lateral end.
appears to be recessive at times
simulates a SIGMOID “S” curve.

A

inferior margin of orbital cavity

71
Q

created mainly by the frontal process of the maxilla.

serves as a guide for hypodermic tissue building behind the eyeball

A

medial margin of orbital cavity

72
Q

the eye is approximately ____ in diameter…in women it is a little _______

A

1”

less

73
Q

when is the eye typically completely developed?

A

at puberty

74
Q

external __________ of the eyeball is increased by the cornea

A

convexity

75
Q

Transparent structure which constitutes the anterior layer of the eye.

A

cornea

76
Q

the cornea has a diameter of ……

A

1/2”

77
Q

the eyeball rests in the anterior _______ of the socket.

within fat and muscle within the orbit

A

2/3

78
Q

differences in appearance are due to variations in the _______ and not eyeball _______

A

bony structure

size

79
Q

Parts of the eyelids….

A
  1. superior palpebra

2. inferior palpebra

80
Q

palpebral means…

A

eyelids

81
Q

shape of the eyelids?

A

almond shaped

82
Q

longer in its vertical dimension.

The greatest height is medially, off-center

A

Superior Palpebra

83
Q

its inferior curvature is lowest at the center of the inferior margin of the iris.

two lateral ends are inferior & posterior to the medial end.

Occurs in 1/3 of the eye socket

lateral end is inferior and posterior to the medial.

A

line of closure of the eye

84
Q

lies near root of the nose

A

naso-orbital fossa

85
Q

naso orbital fossa could also be called…

A

NASAL orbital fossa

86
Q

forms the outer terminus of the line of closure of the eye

A

lateral canthus

87
Q

small elevation or eminence near line of closure of the eye

confirm definition

A

inner canthus

88
Q

fringe of hair edging the eyelashes.

They are irregular in length…abundant & spacing. Arranged in clusters which form inverted triangles.
Tend to have fewer bottom than upper. None at either end of line of closure. Not unusual to find small intervals where there is no hair at all.

A

cilia

89
Q

Height or thickness diminishes as it moves laterally.
Inclines inferiorly as it goes laterally. Hair growth is obliquely upward & outward.
Lateral end usually points toward ear passage.

A

Supercilium

90
Q

the 3 parts of the supercilium

A
  1. tail
  2. body
  3. head
91
Q

thin area of the supercilium…most later…hair growth usually most sparce.

A

tail

92
Q

thicker portion of the supercilium…most medial ….most dense hair growth…anterior portion of the head.

A

head

93
Q

middle portion of the supercilium…less dense hair growth and more oblique

A

body

94
Q

median ends of the eyebrows…slightly superior to head of eyebrow

A

superciliary arch (2)

95
Q

study this card…

PARTS OF THE CLOSED EYE

A
  1. superior palpebrae (upper eyelid)
  2. inferior palpebrae (lower eyelid)
  3. line of eye closure
  4. nasal orbital fossa
  5. superior orbital area
  6. inner canthus
  7. cilia
  8. supercilium
  9. superior palpebral sulcus
  10. inferior palpebral sulcus
  11. optic facial sulci (crows feet)
  12. oblique palpebral sulcus
  13. supraorbital margin
96
Q

STUDY FOLDED PAGES IN BOOK

A

….

97
Q

Composition of wax…

A 
Waxes
Oils (petroleum)
Pigments
Scents
Starch (controls consistency and tackiness)
98
Q

this wax has the characteristics of skin…light refraction in common with human skin

A

restorative waxes

99
Q

what makes restorative waxes adaptable

A
  1. malleable when warmed
  2. adheres to cold surfaces
  3. models easily & retains position
  4. accepts most cosmetics
100
Q

properties of wax

A

inability to adhere

clinging tendency

101
Q

types of restorative waxes

A
  1. soft
  2. medium
  3. firm
  4. lip
102
Q

(integumentary, surface restorer)

Used for small surface areas where a thin layer is required (lips, razor burns, sutures)

A

soft wax

103
Q

(feature repair, derma-surgery, or restorative wax)
Firmer for reconstruction of facial features.
Smoothes to a very fine layer.

A

medium wax

104
Q

(also known as wound filler)- Feature repair; surfacing large cavities

A

firm wax

105
Q

(soft wax for mucous membranes) can be used for other purposes (Most adhesive type of wax)

A

lip wax

106
Q

pro of firm wax…

A

rigid

107
Q

considerations of firm wax…

A

extensive prep work required
firm and dry surface required
basket weave (cross stitch suture) (intra-support lines)

108
Q

materials to aid in a firm dry cavity..

A 
cavity packs
hypodermic injection (high index fluid or phenol)
chemical cauterizing agents
electric spatula
rubber cement
nail polish
109
Q

type of lip wax that is….
tinted (warm color range)
adhesive property
narrow color range

A

translucent lip wax

110
Q

type of lip wax that has…
great color range
not as adherent (due to starch content)
blend well with cream based cosmetics

A

opaque lip wax

111
Q

wax may be altered with cosmetics by…

A
  1. placing cosmetics under wax
  2. mixing cosmetics with wax
  3. placing cosmetics over wax
112
Q

ways to soften wax…

A 
heat
add massage cream or cream based cosmetics
add petroleum jelly
blow dryer
warm water
113
Q

ways to harden wax…

A

expose to cold (refrigerator)

mix with cornstarch or talcum powder

114
Q

ways to recreate pores of the skin…

A
  1. damp paper towel
  2. damp gauze or terry cloth
  3. stippling brush

difficult ones (14 decks)

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