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Restorative 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what can impede calculus removal?

A 
crowding/tilting
root anatomy
pocket size and shape
access
furcations
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2
Q

what are the effects of RSD?

A

health improved
gingival resolution
reduced pocket depth
long JE forms

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3
Q

when is RSD contraindicated?

A

poor oh compliance
acute inflammation
severe dentinal hypersensitivity

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4
Q

what does RSD do to the crown length?

A

makes it longer

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5
Q

what is calculus?

A

a calcified mass that adheres to hard surfaces not subject to friction

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6
Q

where is supra calc found?

A

opposing salivary ducts

e.g stensons/whartons

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7
Q

what is calc made of?

A

70-80% inorganic - calcium/phosphate

organic - lipids, carbs, proteins

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8
Q

what types of calc exist?

A

HA
octacalcium phosphate
brushite
magnesium whitelocke

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9
Q

where is brushite mostly found?

A

supra and new calc

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10
Q

where is HA mostly found?

A

older calc

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11
Q

where is mg whitelocke mostly found?

A

sub calc

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12
Q

what shapes does calc exist in?

A

needle, rod, platelet shape

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13
Q

what are the 3 calc formation theories and what do they mean?

A

Co2 theory - new saliva, increased CO2 conc = increased pH = crystallisation
ammonia theory - increased urea = ammonia = increased pH = crystallisation
Nucleation theory = crystallisation bc seeding agent

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14
Q

what are the indirect effects of calculus?

A

rough surface
hampers good oh
porous and holds toxins

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15
Q

what are anticalculus agents?

A

pyrophosphates = reduce new supra calculus

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16
Q

what is the critical pH of enamel ?

A

5.5

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17
Q

features of healthy gingivae?

A

pink, firm, uniform colour, stippling, knife edge margin, flat traiangular ID papillae, no BOP

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18
Q

features of gingivitis?

A 
bleeding
halitosis
pain
unpleasant taste
inflammation starts ID and spreads
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19
Q

what happens to the tissues in gingivitis?

A

blood vessels dilate
tissue becomes red and swollen because of inflammatory exudate
fibres broken down by inflammation and stippling lost
false pocketing

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20
Q

what does long standing plaque irritation cause?

A

fibrous tissue

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21
Q

types of plaque disclosing tablets?

A

erythrocin - red fresh plaque
malachite green
blue - older

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22
Q

what TB technique is recommended?

A

modified stillman technique

45 degrees to gingival margin

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23
Q

what is the primary cuticle?

A

remnants of tooth development near g margin
usually worn away by natural friction
can persist and stain

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24
Q

what is the aqcuired pellice?

A

forms within seconds of cleaning, salivary glycoproteins

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25
how is the acquired pellicle protective?
- glycoproteins and calcium phosphate adsorbed onto teeth - increased resistance - restricts diffusion of acids from sugar breakdown - antibacterial factors - IgA, IgM, complement, lysozyme
26
what is chronic periodontitis?
plaque induced inflammation of the tissues resulting in : pdl destruction loss of alv crestal bone apical migration of JE
27
what is a perio pocket?
deepened crevice, migration of JE onto root surface
28
how does perio disease progress?
BURST theory | bursts of disease activity can cause >3mm of attachment loss in a few weeks
29
what is the probing force used?
20-25g, modified pen grasp used
30
what is a biofilm?
microbial ecosystem adherent to a solid surface
31
what is a biofilm made of?
70% microorganisms, 30% interbacterial matrix
32
what is the intermicrobial matrix?
dead organisms, metabolic by products, enzymes, toxins
33
what does rubber dam do?
isolates tooth from salivary bac, protects airway | watertight junction around cervical margin, excludes moistures
34
what are the 2 types of disease progression?
linear - RAL/GAL | burst theory - bursts of disease with quiescent periods
35
describe a BPE probe?
WHO probe ball end 0.5mm coloured band 3.5-5.5mm 2nd coloured band - 8.5-11.5mm
36
disadvantages of a BPE?
lack of detail no info on LOA not for younger pt's - crown length maturation not occured
37
what % of bleeding sites go onto have LOA?
30%
38
how is a furcation graded?
1 - horizontal loss under a third 2. horizontal loss over a third 3. through and through
39
how is mobility graded?
horizontal <1mm horizontal >1mm horizontal and vertical movement
40
what are the 5A's?
ask assess advise assist arrange
41
what are the 5 R's?
relevance, risks, rewards, roadblocks, repetition
42
what is NRT?
patches, lozenges, gum, inhaler, microtab, nasal spray, E cigs
43
what is non nicotine replacements?
champix, dummy cigs, hypnosis, diet and exercise
44
what is yellow stain?
discoloured plaque
45
what is tobacoo stain?
yellow/black, in plaque and calc
46
what is green stain?
primary cuticle
47
what is black stain?
good oh
48
what is metallic stain?
occupational/drugs
49
what is tetracycline staining?
antibiotic during tooth development causing brown banding
50
what is pulp damage?
decomposing material in dentinal tubules
51
what is blood borne pigmentation?
jaundice/typhus
52
what is enamel hypoplasia?
white spots
53
what is amelogenesis imperfecta?
lack of enamel | yellow/brown
54
what is dentinogenesis imperfecta?
grey/blue/brown
55
what is sedanol?
accelerated zinc oxide eugenol
56
what is kalzinol?
resin bonded zinc oxide eugenol
57
what is the abrasive component of TP?
calcium carbonate 20-40% stain removal
58
what is the humectant in TP?
glycerol, retains moisture
59
what is the binding agent in TP?
alginate | prevents seperation
60
what is the preservative in TP?
formaldehyde | prevents bacterial growth
61
what is the detergent in TP?
SLS | foaming action
62
what does the solvent in TP do?
water | dissolves other ingredients
63
what is the antiplaque agent in TP?
triclosan
64
what is the anticalc agent in TP?
pyrophosphate
65
what is the desensitising agent in TP?
potassium chloride
66
what is the buffer in TP?
bicarbonate, reduced plaque activity
67
how does chx work as an antibacterial?
damages cell wall
68
disadvantages of chx use?
staining calc formation parotid swelling mucosal erosion
69
what is an example of a phenolic?
listerine high alcohol content mod action
70
what is an example of an oxygenatingMW?
``` peroxyl hydorgen peroxide fizz O2 kills bac ANUG ```
71
what is sanguinarine?
organic MW | mod plaque reduction
72
what is the conc of F varnish?
26000ppm
73
what is chx varnish?
cervitec root surface reduced sensitivity
74
who is discovered the relationship between staining and fluoride?
dr frederick Mckay
75
who discovered the relationship between mottling and caries?
Dr trendley dean
76
what is the dose for F tabs?
6m - 3yrs - 0.25mg 3yrs-6yrs - 0.5mg 6yrs + 1mg
77
what is the strathcylde case?
1978 catherine mccall, lord jauncey - ultra vires, nuisance and harmful, breach of water act, medicinal product with no license
78
F in water at what conc is not mutagenic?
1ppm
79
what did the Knox case prove?
1980 | uncancerous
80
when does fatal F poisoning occur?
5-10g | children >5mgs
81
what is the use of the dental mirror?
``` retraction reflection indirect vision protection transillumination ```
82
how is a sickle scaler used?
working tip is at a right angle
83
what are the two types of mech scalers?
USS | sonic
84
what is the use of the water from the working tip?
cools the working tip and flushes the debris
85
what are the types of USS scaler?
- magnetostrictive - metal and electrical windings = magentic flux = transferred to working tip - piozolectric - currents alter dimensions of quartz crystal = vibration
86
how does a sonic scaler work?
air over metal reed causes vibrations
87
what are the 3 modes of action of a scaler?
1. mechanical abrasion - back/forth/circulatory movements abrade and chip away at the calc deposits 2. cavitational effect - air bubbles implode and energy = shock waves remove an oxygen kills bacteria 3. acoustic streaming - vigorous movement of water
88
what can overheating cause to the tooth?
irriversible pulp damage longevity of enamel decreased pt discomfort and sensitivity

1st year (8 decks)

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