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1st year > Restorative 1 > Flashcards

Restorative 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what can impede calculus removal?

A 
crowding/tilting
root anatomy
pocket size and shape
access
furcations
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2
Q

what are the effects of RSD?

A

health improved
gingival resolution
reduced pocket depth
long JE forms

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3
Q

when is RSD contraindicated?

A

poor oh compliance
acute inflammation
severe dentinal hypersensitivity

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4
Q

what does RSD do to the crown length?

A

makes it longer

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5
Q

what is calculus?

A

a calcified mass that adheres to hard surfaces not subject to friction

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6
Q

where is supra calc found?

A

opposing salivary ducts

e.g stensons/whartons

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7
Q

what is calc made of?

A

70-80% inorganic - calcium/phosphate

organic - lipids, carbs, proteins

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8
Q

what types of calc exist?

A

HA
octacalcium phosphate
brushite
magnesium whitelocke

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9
Q

where is brushite mostly found?

A

supra and new calc

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10
Q

where is HA mostly found?

A

older calc

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11
Q

where is mg whitelocke mostly found?

A

sub calc

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12
Q

what shapes does calc exist in?

A

needle, rod, platelet shape

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13
Q

what are the 3 calc formation theories and what do they mean?

A

Co2 theory - new saliva, increased CO2 conc = increased pH = crystallisation
ammonia theory - increased urea = ammonia = increased pH = crystallisation
Nucleation theory = crystallisation bc seeding agent

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14
Q

what are the indirect effects of calculus?

A

rough surface
hampers good oh
porous and holds toxins

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15
Q

what are anticalculus agents?

A

pyrophosphates = reduce new supra calculus

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16
Q

what is the critical pH of enamel ?

A

5.5

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17
Q

features of healthy gingivae?

A

pink, firm, uniform colour, stippling, knife edge margin, flat traiangular ID papillae, no BOP

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18
Q

features of gingivitis?

A 
bleeding
halitosis
pain
unpleasant taste
inflammation starts ID and spreads
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19
Q

what happens to the tissues in gingivitis?

A

blood vessels dilate
tissue becomes red and swollen because of inflammatory exudate
fibres broken down by inflammation and stippling lost
false pocketing

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20
Q

what does long standing plaque irritation cause?

A

fibrous tissue

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21
Q

types of plaque disclosing tablets?

A

erythrocin - red fresh plaque
malachite green
blue - older

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22
Q

what TB technique is recommended?

A

modified stillman technique

45 degrees to gingival margin

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23
Q

what is the primary cuticle?

A

remnants of tooth development near g margin
usually worn away by natural friction
can persist and stain

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24
Q

what is the aqcuired pellice?

A

forms within seconds of cleaning, salivary glycoproteins

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25
Q

how is the acquired pellicle protective?

A
  • glycoproteins and calcium phosphate adsorbed onto teeth - increased resistance
  • restricts diffusion of acids from sugar breakdown
  • antibacterial factors - IgA, IgM, complement, lysozyme
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26
Q

what is chronic periodontitis?

A

plaque induced inflammation of the tissues resulting in : pdl destruction
loss of alv crestal bone
apical migration of JE

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27
Q

what is a perio pocket?

A

deepened crevice, migration of JE onto root surface

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28
Q

how does perio disease progress?

A

BURST theory

bursts of disease activity can cause >3mm of attachment loss in a few weeks

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29
Q

what is the probing force used?

A

20-25g, modified pen grasp used

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30
Q

what is a biofilm?

A

microbial ecosystem adherent to a solid surface

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31
Q

what is a biofilm made of?

A

70% microorganisms, 30% interbacterial matrix

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32
Q

what is the intermicrobial matrix?

A

dead organisms, metabolic by products, enzymes, toxins

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33
Q

what does rubber dam do?

A

isolates tooth from salivary bac, protects airway

watertight junction around cervical margin, excludes moistures

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34
Q

what are the 2 types of disease progression?

A

linear - RAL/GAL

burst theory - bursts of disease with quiescent periods

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35
Q

describe a BPE probe?

A

WHO probe
ball end 0.5mm
coloured band 3.5-5.5mm
2nd coloured band - 8.5-11.5mm

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36
Q

disadvantages of a BPE?

A

lack of detail
no info on LOA
not for younger pt’s - crown length maturation not occured

37
Q

what % of bleeding sites go onto have LOA?

38
Q

how is a furcation graded?

A

1 - horizontal loss under a third

  1. horizontal loss over a third
  2. through and through
39
Q

how is mobility graded?

A

horizontal <1mm
horizontal >1mm
horizontal and vertical movement

40
Q

what are the 5A’s?

A

ask assess advise assist arrange

41
Q

what are the 5 R’s?

A

relevance, risks, rewards, roadblocks, repetition

42
Q

what is NRT?

A

patches, lozenges, gum, inhaler, microtab, nasal spray, E cigs

43
Q

what is non nicotine replacements?

A

champix, dummy cigs, hypnosis, diet and exercise

44
Q

what is yellow stain?

A

discoloured plaque

45
Q

what is tobacoo stain?

A

yellow/black, in plaque and calc

46
Q

what is green stain?

A

primary cuticle

47
Q

what is black stain?

48
Q

what is metallic stain?

A

occupational/drugs

49
Q

what is tetracycline staining?

A

antibiotic during tooth development causing brown banding

50
Q

what is pulp damage?

A

decomposing material in dentinal tubules

51
Q

what is blood borne pigmentation?

A

jaundice/typhus

52
Q

what is enamel hypoplasia?

A

white spots

53
Q

what is amelogenesis imperfecta?

A

lack of enamel

yellow/brown

54
Q

what is dentinogenesis imperfecta?

A

grey/blue/brown

55
Q

what is sedanol?

A

accelerated zinc oxide eugenol

56
Q

what is kalzinol?

A

resin bonded zinc oxide eugenol

57
Q

what is the abrasive component of TP?

A

calcium carbonate
20-40%
stain removal

58
Q

what is the humectant in TP?

A

glycerol, retains moisture

59
Q

what is the binding agent in TP?

A

alginate

prevents seperation

60
Q

what is the preservative in TP?

A

formaldehyde

prevents bacterial growth

61
Q

what is the detergent in TP?

A

SLS

foaming action

62
Q

what does the solvent in TP do?

A

water

dissolves other ingredients

63
Q

what is the antiplaque agent in TP?

64
Q

what is the anticalc agent in TP?

A

pyrophosphate

65
Q

what is the desensitising agent in TP?

A

potassium chloride

66
Q

what is the buffer in TP?

A

bicarbonate, reduced plaque activity

67
Q

how does chx work as an antibacterial?

A

damages cell wall

68
Q

disadvantages of chx use?

A

staining
calc formation
parotid swelling
mucosal erosion

69
Q

what is an example of a phenolic?

A

listerine
high alcohol content
mod action

70
Q

what is an example of an oxygenatingMW?

A 
peroxyl
hydorgen peroxide 
fizz 
O2
kills bac
ANUG
71
Q

what is sanguinarine?

A

organic MW

mod plaque reduction

72
Q

what is the conc of F varnish?

73
Q

what is chx varnish?

A

cervitec
root surface
reduced sensitivity

74
Q

who is discovered the relationship between staining and fluoride?

A

dr frederick Mckay

75
Q

who discovered the relationship between mottling and caries?

A

Dr trendley dean

76
Q

what is the dose for F tabs?

A

6m - 3yrs - 0.25mg
3yrs-6yrs - 0.5mg
6yrs + 1mg

77
Q

what is the strathcylde case?

A

1978
catherine mccall, lord jauncey
- ultra vires, nuisance and harmful, breach of water act, medicinal product with no license

78
Q

F in water at what conc is not mutagenic?

79
Q

what did the Knox case prove?

A

1980

uncancerous

80
Q

when does fatal F poisoning occur?

A

5-10g

children >5mgs

81
Q

what is the use of the dental mirror?

A 
retraction
reflection
indirect vision
protection
transillumination
82
Q

how is a sickle scaler used?

A

working tip is at a right angle

83
Q

what are the two types of mech scalers?

84
Q

what is the use of the water from the working tip?

A

cools the working tip and flushes the debris

85
Q

what are the types of USS scaler?

A
  • magnetostrictive - metal and electrical windings = magentic flux = transferred to working tip
  • piozolectric - currents alter dimensions of quartz crystal = vibration
86
Q

how does a sonic scaler work?

A

air over metal reed causes vibrations

87
Q

what are the 3 modes of action of a scaler?

A
  1. mechanical abrasion - back/forth/circulatory movements abrade and chip away at the calc deposits
  2. cavitational effect - air bubbles implode and energy = shock waves remove an oxygen kills bacteria
  3. acoustic streaming - vigorous movement of water
88
Q

what can overheating cause to the tooth?

A

irriversible pulp damage
longevity of enamel decreased
pt discomfort and sensitivity

1st year (8 decks)

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