Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1st year > Oral biology - bsc > Flashcards

Oral biology - bsc Flashcards

1
Q

where are the fontanelles located and what is their function?

A 
anterior
posterior
posterolateral
anterolateral
allow compression of head at birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where are the cranial sutures?

A 
metopic
coronal
sagittal
lambdoid
squamosal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what arteries does the maxillary artery split into?

A

mandibular
muscular
maxillary
sphenopalatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the mandibular artery divisions?

A

middle meningeal artery

inferior alveolar artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the muscular artery divisions?

A

muscles of mastication:

  • ant/deep temporal arteries
  • massetric artery
  • pterygoid branches
  • buccal artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the maxillary artery divisions?

A

post sup alv nerve

infra orbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the sphenopalatine artery divisions?

A

descending palatine

sphenopalatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where does venous/lymphatic drainage go to?

A

pterygoid plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the horizontal chain lymph nodes?

A 
mental
submandibular
parotid
pre/post auricular
mastoid
occipital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the vertical chain lymph nodes?

A

jugulodigastric

juguloomoyhoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

layers of the SCALP?

A 
s - skin
c - connective tissue
a - aponeurosis
l - loose connective tissue
p - periosteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the blood supply to the scalp?

A

supraorbital, superficial temporal, occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what nerve supplies the scalp?

A

facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

list the 12 cranial nerves and their jobs?

A 
olfactory - sense of smell
optic - vision in retina
oculomotor - muscles of the eye
trochlear - eye movement
trigeminal - sensory
abducens - eye movement
facial - facial muscles, sensation around ear, taste
vestibulocochlear - hearing/balance
glossopharyngeal - taste
vagus - pharynx, larynx, tongue muscles
accessory - similar to vagus
hypoglossal - muscles of tongue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the tongue?

A

striated muscle covered by mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the posterior portion of the tongue attached to?

A

hyoid bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the types of papillae found on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A
  • filiform papillae - small keratinised projections

- fungiform papillae - bright red spots - taste buds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the sulcus terminalis?

A

v shape seperating the anterior 2/3 and the post 1/3 of the tongue, at the apex of the line is foramen caecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what lies anterior to the sulcus terminalis?

A

12 circumvallate papillae
central tissue with trough and taste buds and serous glands of von ebner
innervated by glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the fungiform papillae innervated by?

A

chorda tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is situated behind the sulcus terminalis?

A

lymphoid tissue and smooth mucous membrane - gives a nodular appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the folliate papillae?

A

found at the sides of the tongue anterior to where the palatoglosal fold flows into the side of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is found on the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

glands of blandin and nuhn - mixed gland
lingual frenum
sublingual vein
plica fimbriata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the functions of the tongue?

A 
speech
mastication
self cleansing
taste
swallowing
protection
tactile
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is the tongue divided in half by?
a fibrous septum
26
what nerve are the muscles of the tongue supplied by?
hypoglossal nerve | palataoglossus - accessory nerve
27
what are the 2 types of muscles in the tongue?
intrinsic - change shape | extrinsic - change position shape
28
what are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
superior longitudinal inferior longitudinal vertical transverse
29
describe the genioglossus muscle?
starts at the superior genial tubercle and inserts into the fibres in the tongue, tip of the tongue and the hyoid bone
30
describe the hypoglossus muscle?
starts at superior body of hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue
31
describe the styloglossus muscle?
begins at styloid process and enters the tongue below the palatoglossus and to the tip of the tongue
32
describe the palatoglossus muscle?
begins at the aponeurosis of the soft palate and enters at the side of the tongue
33
describe the chondroglossus muscle?
begins at the hyoid bone and inserts into the body of the tongue
34
what nerves are associated with the tongue?
``` hypoglossal - muscles lingual - common sensation chorda tympani - taste vagus accessory glossopharyngeal ```
35
what is the floor of the mouth?
thin mucous membrane attached laterally and anteriorally to the inner surface of the mandible/ continuous with the lingual gingivae and medially continuous with the mucous membrane of the tongue contains a frenum and whartons duct
36
what is the mylohyoid muscle?
2 parts converge at a median raphe, starts at mylohyoid line of the mandible, posterior attached to hyoid bone, supplied by mylohyoid branch of mandibular nerve
37
what is found sublingually?
geniohyoid muscle lingual nerve subglingual salivary gland submandibular salivary gland
38
what is found submandibularly?
submandibular salivary gland | digastric
39
what is the digastric muscle?
below the mylohyoid digastrci fossa to mastoid notch posterior belly - facial nerve anterior belly - mylohyoid branch
40
what is the geniohyoid muscle?
covers over medial of mylohyoid | runs form inf genial tubercle to anterior of hyoid bone
41
what is the stylohyoid muscle?
runs from posterior styloid process to hyoid bone | facial nerve supplies
42
what is the platysma?
runs from fascia of pectoralis of major deltoid muscles to the skin of the chin, oblique line of the mandible, skin and muscles at the angle of the mouth cervical branch of facial nerve supplies
43
what happens to the salivary glands when stimulated by: 1 parasympathetic nerve 2 sympathetic nerve
vasodilation and high mineral saliva | vasoconstriction and high mucous saliva
44
describe the submandibular gland?
empties into whartons duct mixed saliva produces 70% of saliva facial and lingual nerve supplies
45
describe the sublingual gland?
empties into whartons duct mucous saliva produced 5% facial and lingual nerves supply
46
functions of saliva?
``` digestion lubrication protection cleansing taste speech mastication bollus formation ```
47
composition of saliva?
``` 99.5% water mucopolysaccharides immunoglobulins amylase minerals lysosyme blood clotting factors enzymes - lactoperoxidase, lactoferrin, histatin ```
48
describe the parotid gland?
empties into stensons duct serous saliva 25% of saliva glossopharyngeal and auriculotemporal nerve
49
list the order of tooth eruption in the permanent dentition?
upper - 61245378 | lower - 61234578
50
when does root formation finish?
completed 2 years post eruption
51
list some differences in deciduous teeth compared to permanent dentition?
``` smaller lighter more bulbous more slender roots and canals more divergent roots less hard enamel increased pulp to crown ratio ```
52
describe the maxillary 1st perm incisor?
distal root curvature 2 labial grooves pronounced cingulum
53
describe the maxillary 2nd perm incisor?
developmental groove between cingulum and lingual fossa
54
describe the maxillary perm canine?
longest root, eye tooth
55
describe the maxillary 1st premolar?
1 buccal 1 palatal root | canine fossa
56
describe the maxillary 2nd premolar?
1 root no fossa
57
describe the maxillary 1st perm molar?
palatal, mesiobuccal, distobuccal roots oblique ridge cusp of carabelli palatally
58
describe the maxillary 2nd perm molar?
nil
59
describe the maxillary 3rd perm molar?
short underdeveloped roots
60
describe the mandibular 1st per incisor?
concave lingual surface
61
describe the mandibular 2nd perm incisor?
crown sits squint on the root
62
describe the mandibular canine?
single flat root | sometimes 2 canals
63
describe the mandibular 1st premolar?
distal/mesial fossae | mesiolingual groove
64
describe the mandibular 1st perm molar?
3 buccal, 2 lingual cusps buccal and lingual grooves buccal groove ends in foramen caecum
65
describe the mandibular 2nd perm molar?
2 roots | 2 lingual 2 buccal cusps
66
describe an upper/lower 1st deciduous molar?
upper - 3 roots lower - 2 roots tubercle of zuckerhandl - crvical bulge over buccal surface of mesial root
67
the maxilla is comprise of what?
1 body | 4 processes
68
what are the processes of the maxilla?
frontal zygomatic palatine alveolar process
69
what is the frontal process of maxilla?
joins frontal bone, nasal bone and lacrimal bone
70
what is the zygomatic process of maxilla?
joins with zygoma
71
what is the palatine process of maxilla?
bulk of the hard palate vomer attached to midline posterior and horizontal plates of paltine bones suture seperates maxilla and premaxilla
72
what is the alveolar process of maxilla?
provides socket for the maxillary dentition
73
what are the 4 surfaces of the body of the mandible and what are they?
nasal - antrum of highmore anterior facial surface - main part of skeleton of cheek, incisive/canine fossa posterior infratemporal surface superior orbital surface - infraorbital canal - opens at anterioir facial surface
74
how does the mandible form?
forms in 2 halves and fuses at symphis mentis soon after birth 2 rami, 2 angles 1 body
75
what are features of the external surface of the mandible?
mental protuberance mental foramen oblique line
76
what are features of the internal surface of the mandible?
``` mylohyoid line submandibular fossa sublingual fossa digastric fossa superior/inferior genial tubercles ```
77
feaures of the ramus? internal external
coronoid process, condyle, sigmoid notch, digital fossa internal - ind.d.foramen, lingula, mylohyoid groove external - attachment for masseter over which lies parotid gland
78
what type of joint is the TMJ?
bilateral synovial sliding hinge groove
79
what does the TMJ involve?
``` condylar head of mandible glenoid fossa of temporal bone articular eminence of temporal bone tympanic plate - prevents joint moving back squamotympanic fissure ```
80
what is the meniscus of the TMJ?
articular disc - tough oval pa of dense fibrous CT cushions load and stabilises the joint seperates joint into 2 cavities - permits and regulates the complex movements of the joint unconsciously detemrines the position by the proprioceptive fibres in the disc
81
what are the ligaments of the TMJ?
``` capsular temporomandibular stylomandibular sphenomandibular strengthen and support the joint and limits the excessive movement ```
82
describe the capsular ligament?
loose fibrous completely surrounds the joint articular eminence and circumference of glenoid fossa and inserts into the neck of the condyle lined with synovial membrane and lubricates/provides nutrients to avascular structures
83
what is the temporomandiblar ligament?
extends from zygomatic process to neck of condyle
84
what is the sphenomandibular ligament?
tip of styloid process to angle of mandible
85
what is depression of the tmj and what causes it?
opening lateral ptyergoid digastric mylohyoid
86
what is elevation of the tmj and what causes it?
closing masseter medial ptyergoid temporalis
87
what is retrusion of the tmj and what causes it?
back temporalis masseter medial pterygoid
88
what is protrusion of the mandible and what causes it?
forward movement | lateral pterygoids
89
what is lateral swing of the tmj and what causes it?
lateral and medial pterygoids
90
what are the muscles of masticaiton?
masseter temporalis medial and lateral pterygoids digastric
91
describe the lateral pytergoid muscle?
extends from lateral pterygoid plate and ifratemporal crest of sphenoid to the capsular ligament and digiital fossa - pterygoid div of max artery - ant div of mandibular nerve
92
what is the medial pterygoid muscle?
runs from lateral pterygoid plate to the internal surface of the mandible - pterygoid artery of muscular div of max artery - initial branches of mandibular closses and elevates
93
describe the temporalis muscle?
runs from the temporal fossa into a tendon that passes through the zygomatic arch and inserts into the coronoid process - temproal artery of muscular div of max artery - temproal branches pf anterior div of mandibular nerv
94
what is myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome?
no pathological changes in tmj and no pain
95
jobs of facial muscles?
``` mastication speech reflexes self cleansing show emotional state guide teeth into eruption ```
96
what are the types of facial muscles?
deeply places - e.g orbicularis oris | superficially placed - buccinator
97
what is the orbicularis oris?
draws lips together and pouts formed as a continuous sphinctor runs from bone in upper/lower incisor region and runs to the raphe at the corners of the mouth
98
what is the buccinator muscle?
``` forms bulk of the cheeks works with orbicularis oris keeps food on occlusal surfaces during mastication guides teeth into eruption speech self cleansing suckling runs from buccal bone of moalr teeth of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe into the fibres at the angle of the mouth and orbicularis oris ```
99
what are the superficial facial muscles?
``` levator labii superioris levator anguli oris zygomatous major and minor risorous depressor labii inferioiris depressor anguli oris mentalis ```
100
what do superficial muscles do? | where do they lie?
scorn sorrow smiling | enter lip in a radial form except the mentalis
101
what is the orbicularis oculi?
radiates around the eye
102
how does the nasal cavity form?
in 2 halves by nasal septum
103
what are the areas of the nasal cavity?
anterior vestibule olfactory area respiratory region
104
what is the nasal septum formed of?
perpendicular plate of ethmoid vomer maxilla spetal cartilage
105
what is the nerve supply to the nose?
nasocilliary maxillary olfactory
106
what are found in the lateral walls of the nose?
sup concahe and meatus mid concha and meatus inf concha and meatus
107
describe the paranasal sinuses and list them?
``` lined with mucous membrane and full of air frontal - 2 ethmoidal - 3 sphenoidal - 2 maxillary ```
108
what is the antrum of highmore?
sinus in the body of the maxilla close to apices of teeth empties into middle meatus supplied by anterior and middle sup alv nerves
109
what are the function of the sinuses?
reduce weight of skull resonance to voice shock absorber on impact
110
what is the hard palate formed of and what are some features?
palatine process of maxilla and palatine bones incisive foramen, greater palatine foramen, lesser palatine foramen, median/transverese suture - crucifomr suture, pre maxilla
111
what are some soft tissue features of the hard palate?
``` mucoperiosteum keratinised epithelium rugae incisive papillae palatal raphe ```
112
what blood and nerve supply supplies the hard palate?
long sphenopalatine and greater palatine artery | greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves
113
what is the soft palate?
the flap between the oro and nasopharynx
114
what are the intrinsic muscles of the soft palate?
uvular muscles, pair of banded muscles | run from posterior nasal spine to the uvula
115
what are the extrinsic muscles of the soft palate?
tensor palati levator palati palatoglossus/palatopharyngeus
116
what is tensor palati?
runs from sphenoid fossa to the pteyrgoid hamulus to the midline of the soft palate tenses and lifts with levator palati
117
what is levator palati?
runs from mastoid portion of the temporal bone to the palatine aponeurosis lifts
118
what is the palatoglossus?
palatoglossus runs from side of soft palate to the tongue | palatophayrngeus runs from side of soft palate to thyroid area of the pharynx
119
what supplies the soft palate?
lesser palatine nerves and vessels
120
where is the lymphoid tissue in the soft palate?
pharyngeal tonsils
121
what is the salpingopharyngeus?
elevates pharynx and larynx and aids swallowing | opens auditory canal during swallowing
122
what nerves supply.. nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopahrynx
- trigeminal/glossopharyngeal - glossopharyngeal - glossopharyngeal and vagus

1st year (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions