Foundation Flashcards
what is the GDC made up of?
12 council, 12 lay and 150 support members
what is the job of the GDC?
registration set conduct and standards assure quality of education ensure CPD taking place help pts with complaints strenghten pt protection
how much CPD must dentists/dcps do?
dentist - 250 hours every 5 years
dcp - 150 hours every 5 years - 50 verifiable. Radiology, decontamination, med emergencies
what are the types of misconduct councils?
- serious professional misconduct - dentist
- professional misconduct - dcp
what do the misconduct councils send someone to after?
practice committee
interim order committee
no answer
what do the interim order councils do?
can impose sanctions immediately
what are the types of practice committees?
professional conduct
professional performance
health committee
what is the professional conduct committee?
75 fitness to practice panel
independent from council
decide what action to take
= public admonition, postpone judgement, suspensions, erasure
what does the health committee do?
does health affect fitness to practice
suspended >12 months
conditions on registration for up to 24 months
what is the professional performance committee?
act when performance slips
suspended or conditions on registration
what are the routes of transmission of infection?
direct contact
indirect
droplet inhalation
inoculation
what does disinfection do?
kills most organisms
what does steralisation do?
kills all microorganisms
what are prions?
resistant proteins
what is clinical governance?
means by which an organisation ensures provision of quality clinical care by making individuals accountable for setting maintaining and monitoring performance standards
how is clinical governance enforced?
QA programmes
education and training plans
risk management policies
procedures to identify and remedy poor performance
what are the main topics QA deals with?
infection control health and safety radiation protection CPD quality issues
what is threshold consent?
knowledge of basic nature of tx used as defence of battery claim
what is informed consent?
knowledge of risks, benefits and alternatives
consent given voluntarily on information recieved
legal requirement
defence to negligence
what is expressed consent?
verbal and written expressed consent
what is implied consent?
assumption from pts conduct that they consent
who is legally valid to consent?
pt contempt
sufficient tx and alternatives knowledge
voluntarily agreed without influence
who is legally incapable of giving consent?
<16s
mentally challenged
unconscious pts
what does a breakage of confidentiality lead to?
serious professional misconduct
what act does personal data info follow?
data protection act
when is disclosure allowed?
legal or statutory requirement ordered to by court medical grounds justified in wider public interest research purposes identification of missing/deceased person
what acts do confidentiality follow?
data protection act 1984, 1998
access to medical records act 1988
access to health records act 1990
what is negligence?
the omission to do something which a reasonable man would do or doing something a reasonable man would not do
where does the burden of proof lie?
dominant who must prove in every case - duty of care and breach of that duty, causation, harm/injury
what is the bolam test?
dentist assessed by standards others of similar experience = if professional opinion agrees = defended
what is hunter v hanley?
prove normal practice and that operator did not accept that practice
course taken was one that professional would have taken
if one dentist agrees = defended
what is causation?
balance of probabilities - injury more likely caused by dentist
how is harm or injury proved?
must show physical harm or injury
what are signs of a vaso vagal attack?
dizzy or lightheaded slow pulse rate low BP pallor or sweating nausea or vomitting loss of conscious
how is fainting treated?
lie flat give oxygen loosen clothing
what might cause a faint?
postural hypotension
MI
stroke
epilepsy
what are signs of a respiratory obstruction?
noisy breathing
cant speak
cyanosis
how do you treat a resp obstruction if conscious/unconscious?>
- conscious - encourage couch, 5 back slaps, 5 abdo thrusts
- unconscious - ambulance, on back open airway, BLS
what are signs of an MI?
pale/clamming
nasuea or vomitting
no conscious oloss
weak pulse or BP may fall
how do you treat an MI?
semi sitting position
O2 and 300mg aspirin
what is angina and how is it treated?
central chest pain fast pulse
GTN spray
what are signs of cardiac arrest?
no pulse rapid loss of conscious resp arrest cyanosis grey/cold/clammy
how is cardiac arrest treated?
CPR 30:2
5-6cm @ rate of 100-120/min
what are signs of a CVA?
cerebral haemorrhage/thrombosis cerebral embolism dizzy/vertigo nasuea/vomitting paralysis/speech defects/convulsions/loss of conscious comfort/hospital
what are signs of anaphylaxis?
flusing itchy wheezing abdo pain nausea cyanosis cold and clammy drowsy rapud weak pulse
how do you treat anaphylaxis?
O2 and 0.5mL adrenaline
what are signs of adrenal insufficiency?
anxious stressed irritable mental confusion muscle weakness and fatigue nasuea and vomitting low bp, rapid weak pulse
what is the treatment of adrenal insufficiency?
O2
hydrocortisone
what is hypoglycaemia and what is the treatment?
bg <3mmol
oral and buccal glucose
unconscious - glucagon
what is the treatment of epilepsy?
oxygen and 10mg midazolam
what is the tx of asthma?
salbutamol >10 activations
oxygen
what is cross infection?
microorganisms from person to object causing infection
what is cross contamination?
may or may not cause infection
what is the mode of infection?
1 - infectious agent
2 - reservoir - where it reproduces
3 - portal of exit -
4 - mode of transmission - how it moves from one thing to another
5 - portal of exit - entry into host
6 - susceptible host - person who cant resist invading host
how is herpes transmitted?
cross infection by direct contact with saliva
how is hep b transmitted?
via percutaneous inoculation/enter via mucous membranes
how is HIV transmitted?
via inoculation
how is MRSA transmitted?
infection of wounds
bact lives in moist skin areas, broken skin, in nose/throat
how is tuberculosis/pneumonia transmit?
aerosol inhalation
sputum/saliva
what do water supplies harbour?
tops/units
biofilm formation
what is the portal of exit?
excretion
secretions
droplets
skin
what are routes of transmission?
direct - herpes/mrsa indirect - inhalation inoculation ingestion intercourse mother to baby
portals of entry?
mucous membrane - eyes/mouth
resp
GI
broken skin
what are intrinsic risk factors to make a susceptible host?
extremes of age
malnourished
weak immune system
lifestyle
what are extrinsic risk factors to make a susceptible host?
surgery
IV canulation
what are the 10 SDCIPs?
hand hygiene resp/cough etiquette PPE prevent occupational exposure management of fluid spillage management of equipment control of environment safe handling of uniforms safe waste disposal pt placement
what are the WHO 5 moments of hand hygiene?
before pt contact after pt contact before aseptic task after body fluid exposure after pt contact surroundings
what are transient bacteria?
superficial layers
passed by contact
removal by hand hygiene
HAI
what are resident bacteria?
deeper layers in skin harmless not easily transformed may cause infection resistance to removal
what are non antimicrobial soaps?
detergent based
removes loosely adhered flora = hands physically clean
reduced microorganisms bc physial action/detergent effect
what are antimicrobial soaps?
chx, iodine, triclosan
reduced transient and resident bac
residual prolonged effect
what are alcohol based hand rubs and gels efefctive agaisnt?
antimicrobial soap
when do you use antimicrobial soaps?
before aseptic task
before contact with immunocompromised
after exposure
when do you use non antimicrobial soaps?
routine procedures
what act is waste removal under?
COSHH 1994
environment protection act 1990
health and safety at work 1974
what are black stream waste?
uncontaminated
what is orange stream waste?
low risk healthcare
safe by heat disinfection
what is yellow stream waste?
high risk healthcare incineration
what is red stream waste?
special waste
reprocessed
how do you deal with a blood spillage?
contain with paper towels cl releasing agent 1% 10000ppm 2 mins - wet 5 mins - dry wash with detergent and dry well
