Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

what forms can the cell wall be in?

A

gram positive or negative

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2
Q

what is LPS?

A

gram negative outer membrane

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3
Q

what are flagella?

A

found in gram positive and negative - enables bac to swim

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4
Q

where are fimbriae found?

A

gram negative

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5
Q

what is a pathogen?

A

microbe capable of causing host damage

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6
Q

what can staph aureus cause?

A
MRSA
abscesses
carbuncle
folliculitis
impetigo
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7
Q

what does strep pyogenes?

A

strep sore throat

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8
Q

what are types of gm +ve bacteria?

A

strep - facultative/obligate anaerobes
staph - facultative
actinomyces
lactobacillus

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9
Q

describe strep mutans?

A

binds to tooth surface and causes tooth decay
intitiates caries at enamel surface
bind and colonise tooth surface and produce sticky extracellular polysaccharides
produce acid from sugar
tolerate acidic conditions

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10
Q

what is infective endocarditis caused by?

A

strep sanguinis

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11
Q

describe lactobacilli?

A
pleomorphic rods
acidogenic/aciduric pH 5.5
produces lactic acid from glucose 
levels in saliva correlate with carbohydrate intake 
cause dentinal caries
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12
Q

describe actinomyces?

A
pleomorphic rods
anaerobic and facultative
fimbrae aid in adherence 
supra and sub plaque 
root surface caries
abscess and dentoalveolar infections
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13
Q

what are GNABS?

A

gram negative anaerobic bacilli

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14
Q

what are non motile GNABS?

A
bacteriodes
porphyromonas
prevotella
tannerella
fusobacterium
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15
Q

in a healthy perio pocket what bacteria are present?

A

gm positive

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16
Q

describe porphyromonas?

A

dark purple pigmented bacteria GNAB- use ecxternal haeme as iron source. iron scavenging molceules at surface = dark appearance
assachorylitic - produce proteases to breakdown amino acids and peptides
present in sulcus and perio pocket
associated with perio

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17
Q

describe prevotella?

A

dark purple
non saccharolytic
sulcus and perio pocket

18
Q

describe tannerella?

A

saccharolytic non pigmented bacteria
fibrinogen binding BspA
proteases produced

19
Q

what is BspA?

A

induced bone resorbing pro inflammatory cytokines

20
Q

describe fusobacterium?

A

endotoxins - perio disease
in gingival sulcus
binds with treponema to form fusospirochaetal infection

21
Q

what is aggregatibacter?

A

present in gingival sulcus and perio pocket

leukotoxin, collagenases, proteases

22
Q

what is plaque?

A

a biofilm - bacterial cells enclosed in extracellular matrix

23
Q

what is in the organic matrix of plauqe?

A

host and bacterial products

gingival proteins

24
Q

what is present in the pellicle?

A
acidic prp
amylase
albumin
statheirn
lysozyme
immunoglobulin
25
how does the pellicle develop?
``` contact attachment adhesion growth co aggregation microcolony formation biofilm forms climax community ```
26
what is the bacterial developnment of the plaque?
1. strep 2. joined and replaced by actinomyces 3. gram negative species replace e.g fusobacterium
27
what types of bacterial adhesion take place?
cell substratum homotypic heterotypic - corn cob/test tube
28
what is a virus?
nucleic acid genome protein capsid - protection poss lipid envelope + virus proteins
29
what does hep b cause?
malaise | jaundice and liver disease
30
what is HIV?
a retorovirus reverse transcriptase replicates in cells with CD4 marker
31
Smutans is responsible for? comes in what forms? what metabolic pathway do they account for?
dental caries rods, cocco bacilli make extracellular polysaccharides from sucrose, convert these to acids
32
form of actinomyces? involved in what dentally? what metabolic pathway are they involved in?
gram positive rods and filaments plaque, gingivitis, root surface caries produce lactic acid from glucose
33
lactobacillus is the cause of? | produce what from glucose?
caries of dentine | lactic acid
34
Aggregatibacter actinomyctecomitans is the cause of? form? what does it stimulate? produces what?
aggressive forms of periodontal disease in adolescents stimulates bone resorption leukotoxins, collegenase, proteases
35
``` porphyromonas gingivalis commonly seen in what? why is it black pigmented? fibrous capsule because? how does it attach? what does it produce? ```
``` advanced periodontal lesions requires external haem source as energy evades host response fimbrae collagen degrading enzymes, proteases ```
36
prevotella seen when?
perio disease
37
what is fusobacterium? commonly seen in? asaccharolytic or saccharolytic?
gram negative anaerobe periodontal disease asaccharolytic
38
prevotella is pigmented? | found where?
yes | perio pocket and sulcus
39
tannerella is pigmented? saccharolytic or asaccharolytic? | produces what?
saccharolytic non pigmented fibrinogen binding BspA and proteases
40
fusobacterium often found where? releases what that contributes to perio disease? causes a fusospirochaetal infection by binding with?
sulcus releases endotoxins binds with treponema